Persephone: the legend of the guide at the world of the dead. Guide dog. At the land of the dead, a guide between the light of the dead and the living

Nove Svіtlo was populated pіzno. With a great number of memos in total 10,000–11,500 (perhaps 12,000) fate (further: L.N.)2, reminiscences about the most recent knowledge invariably turn out to be either clearly unreliable, or at least irrelevant. 10,000-12,000 years ago - the final Paleolithic, if the Far Descent was already scorched with ceramics, and the upper Euphrates were erected bagatometer stone steles with images. Therefore, it should be noted that the culture of the ancestors of the Indians at the time of their penetration into America was already foldable, and the cultural differences between the same groups, educated to the first process, were suttivimi.

It is especially possible for the light that in the settlement of the New World people of a different physical look took their part. The work of the rest of the decade in the field of craniology and odontology shied to visnovka, which were the first to penetrate to America protomorphic groups, which were predicted not by the modern Indians, but by the paleo-paleolithic population of Northern Asia and the modern small-towns. In the Holocene, the population began to be replaced by Mongoloids [Berezkin 2003: 235-239]. The racial type does not signify culture, prote racial and cultural cordonies often run through those who have physical wear like genes, so culture and discrete human populations.

Folklore traditions of the peoples of the New and the Old World are connected with impersonal parallels. Part of the ignominious motives could be blamed, another part was brought to America across the Atlantic for the rest of five hundred years, many who at a different hour penetrated through Alaska from Siberia. It is not easy to separate the groups, but the choice of the mass material and the stagnation modern methods yogo statisticheskoї robki roble podіbne zavdannya zdіysnennym. As a result, in case of equality with the tributes of other disciplines, the paths of settlement of the New World and the recognition of those regions of Eurasia, the stars of which the Rukh began, began to be established.

The article is dedicated to the revelations about the way to the world of the dead among the peoples of America and Eurasia. Bagato in these manifestations is universally and signified by the fact of the irreversibility of death, the obvious powers between living and dead matter. On this, maybe, the idea of ​​dichotomy of our and other world (or other worlds) was founded, it was revealed about the mirror-like animality, the proliferation of certain characteristics of these worlds, about the expanse of space along the song path, which is necessary to pass, to drink from one world. Dalі pochinayutsya osoblinostі, poshrenі locally and regionally. The stinks and give up the naytsіkavіshim.

Folklore materials

In 1991 E. Benson published an article with an eye on these data, linking the image of the dog with the statements about the other world among American Indians. P. Rowe, one of the leading adherents of the structuralism of the middle ethnographers in the USA, has a note in the article. Benson tried to show the association of a dog with a lower world, which is characteristic of Indians in different, but homologous forms. Navmisno chi nі, but Benson demonstrated nerіvnomіrny arealny razpodіl vydpovіdnyh phenomena. The dog did not act as a guide to the world of the dead, not everywhere in America, but only in the territories from Mexico to Peru, just like at the gathering of that extreme pivdni Pivdenny America no apparent motive was revealed. It is impossible to explain this by the inaccuracy of the materials, we can only report on the description of the sweating world and the path to the new one, broken up by the words of the Amazonian shamans (for example). In the story about the experience of the dream of the Indian Sherente in Hidden Brazil, there is a riddle about the dog, barking like a mandriving soul, about a miracle. However, due to the nature of other similar facts, the whole episode cannot be interpreted. Benson did not accept the Pivnichnoamericana data. Through a sprinkling of rocks, M. Schwartz turned on her glance, which seemed to be more universal: “People everywhere have taken the dog as an essence that will eat our world with others, nature with culture, heaven with earth”.

Our research is based on the most widely published folklore texts on all groups of the indigenous population of America and a significant part of the Old World. Although the presence of a number of motives in publications from other ethnic groups lie in different environments, when the data base is created systematically, it is only in equal regions that they are established as a whole.

The sound of a dog with a sweaty light is a hot topic, played at the lowest specific motives. Significantly like this:

1. The dog helps to reach the world of the dead, or it makes the foundation of this world easier.
2. Zokrema, v_n to transport the dead through the river.
3. Help with the mind, transfers to another world of the presence of a sweating punishment are well placed to the dogs for life. This motive is even more significant, which is comparable to the dogs in the areas where the motive is fixed, it’s more zhorstok.
4. The dog is the ruler, the Meshkan, the guardian of the potoybіchny world
5. So that the dogs let the dead go or helped you, the wine is guilty of appeasing them even that / or the mother of the breeze should be among them.
6. The dog is potoybіchchya to be found on the Chumatsky Way, associate with him.
7. In potoybіchnomu svіtі є spetsіalnі villages of dogs or tudi vede special, recognized for dogs, stitch.
8. At the world of the dead, the path is up to the new spilled with water from tears, blood, pus, thin.

The rest of the motive is hummed like the one with the motive of "the dog is sweating", so it's okay. However, the fragments between them and the solution of motives are the real areal correlation, and in America the plot connection is similar to those that we can see on the right with a single complex. The motive can be divided into more private ones: with water from the tears shed by relatives and water from the blood and other visions. Rivers of tears are more often found in the description of the soul of the dead. Rivers of blood are more characteristic of rhymes about shamans and heroes.

The table below shows the generality of motives in mythologies and cosmologies. Motif 1 is denoted by the letter g, which means that the dog is no longer a guide to the world of the dead, and h - that it actively helps the soul to escape the cross. Motif 8 is marked with the letter t, as it is about tears, і b - as it is about blood and other substances. As such, motive 8 does not mix with the motive of the “afterlife dog” in the very texts themselves, which are indicated by a star. More details from the appointments for literature and other data presented in addendum for example, stats.

I have not analyzed the materials of Africa and Western Europe. The data base for Australia, Oceania, Pivdenniy, Skhidniy and Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia has lacunae. In most of the rehabilitated regions, the motives of the series, which can be seen, do not appear far away. Vignatok to become New Guinea and Melanesia. Among the Papuan kivai, grim is the bark of two dogs, as they tell about the arrival of new souls in the potoibi country. Among the Melanesians of the islands of D'Entrecasteaux, dogs guard the stitch in the next world and devour silently, who did not pass the initiation, at the hour when the youngsters were pierced by the phalanx of the finger. Nguna (Vanuatu) drove a dog to the grave, so that on the way to the other world it would steal the dead ruler of the character who would attack the new one with a sword. Obviously, the connection between the image of the dog and the revelations about the world of the dead is characteristic of the Melanesian region. At the same time, the descriptions were enriched with details, similar to those for Eurasian and American texts (for example, there are no dead rivers that water the Kremlin, and a tricky bridge thrown over it). It is important to say that, having appeared in Melanesia, this motif is independent of Eurasia, but in any case, the Melanesian materials of the flooring are insulated from other countries, so territorially, so plotly, that it is little possible to give.

Zvernemosya to Eurasia. To evaluate the expansion of the group of motives, Pivnichny Siberia, Europe, Pvdenna Asia and the Mediterranean occupy the periphery of the camp. In these regions, the motif of a dog yak varti chi bagging a sweating world and the motif of the “river of blood” posture are presented with a motif of the “afterlife dog”. Maybe, only the Maris and Chuvashs had a wider appearance, they died at the memorial ceremony at the sight of dogs or the nose of a dog. The world's greatest motive for the complex concentrated in Pivdenny Siberia. Tuvans and Tofalari sing motives good vіdnoshennia to the dogs, how to wash for help, fertilize the afterlife dogs, the dog village near the sweating world, the dogs on the Chumatsky Way, and also the water of blood and tears. The Khakassian manifestations [Mainagashev 1915] were unable to find any material that could be considered as relevant. In the Altaic texts, dogs, in order of smaller vartovs, sound the bogatyr, who is far from the ruler of the dead, the bogatyr podkupovu їkh. The motives for descending into the lower world and buying dogs that vibrate nazustrich, and in more western traditions are among the Kazakhs [Potanin 1972, no. However, in these cases, the stench has little to do with actual mythological manifestations, and dogs easily fall out of the ward’s turn (for example, in coma [Novikov 1938 No. 47: 161-162]). The motif of the water basin of tears shed when mourning the dead, like in Tuva, so in Altai. On the day of Central Asia, the “river of tears” was clearly brought by the Turks3.

The motives associated with the image of "sweat dog" are clearly presented in the Zoroastrian tradition. In the "Avesta" and in the old dzherels, the dog is like a wart, so it is a helper, and the help of the mind is well placed to the dogs for the life of a person. Parallels between "Avesta" and "Rigveda" (the sight of "chotirhohokih" dogs with dark flames over their eyes, the riddle of two dogs themselves, with which the souls of the dead are jittery) bear witness to the melancholy of old to the motif of the "afterlife dog" in Indo-Iranian. Vidpovidny motifs in "Avesta" and in the folklore of the Zoroastrians, more famous for everything, fight against the hour, if the ancestors were like Iranians, so the Indo-Aryans lived on the pіvnіch, near the steppes. It is also acceptable that in some areas of the Pivdennosibirsk Turks, the motif of the "afterlife dog" was posited as a substratum population - often Indo-European. On the grudge of this - the presence of those among the Buryats and Mongols, who live in skhіd, near the region, where the Indo-Europeans are unlikely to have penetrated. Offensive traditions, Turkic and Iranian, which at once demonstrate a new set of motives that are being looked at, can attack one and the same and the old cultural cohesion of the steppe and forest-steppe belt of Central Eurasia.

In the Zoroastrian tradition, a dog is valued for its pure nature, another for its significance after a human being, and in other contexts for its equal value [Kryukova 1999: 17-20, 23-24; Khismatulin, Kryukova 1997: 236-237; Boyce 1984: 139-143]. It is said that the dog is a creature of the evil spirit and wailing it out of the deceased, wil "knocking in thousands of creatures of the Evil Spirit." In this sensi pivnіchnoevrazіysky myth about the "sight" by a dog of a person to an evil spirit, that transformation looks like a direct controversy from Zoroastrianism, generated by a supposedly ethnic and social conflict. Giving Zoroastrians about the dog, called to protect the “physical body of Adam” (div. Addendum), that firmness that Ahura Mazda created the dog, "pulling in at your clothes, swelling at your own bump"[Kryukova 1999: 18], to make such a hypothesis particularly plausible. Created by a pivnіchnoevrazіysky myth, the creator creates human bodies and goes after souls, leaving the dog to guard the creation. The evil spirit let in frost and give the dog a warm fur coat in exchange for allowing him to reach people whose bodies are then desecrated. God punishes the dog, the scumbags are the servant of the people and zmushuyuchi eat the leftovers. Among the silkupivs it is especially pronounced that the dogs from that hour do not indulge in evil spirits and do not bark at them. The plot about the "dog-breeder" was recorded among the Russians [Dobrovolsky 1891 No. 9: 230-231; Kuznetsova 1998: 60], Ukrainians [P. I (vaniv) 1892: 89-90], comedy [Konakov 1999: 43; Rochev 1984 No. 107: 114], Chuvashs [Egorov 1995: 117-118], Mordovians [Deviatkina 1998: 169; Sedova 1982: 13-15], Mari [Aktsorin 1991 No. 7: 38; Vasiliev 1907: 50-51], Nenets [Golovnev 1995: 399-400; Labanauskas 1995: 13-15; Lahr 2001: 188-205; Lehtisalo 1998: 9-10], Mansi [Lukina 1990, No. 114B: 300], Khantyv [Lukina 1990, No. 14: 75], Ketiv [Anuchin 1914: 11-12; Porotova 1982: 59-60], silkupiv [Pelikh 1972: 341], Yakutiv [Middendorf 1989: 20], various groups of Evenks [Vasilevich 1959: 175-179; Mazin 1984: 22; Pinegina and in. 1952: 49-50; Romanova, Mirєєva 1971 No. 1, 2: 325-326], Eveny [Chadayeva 1990: 124], Metisov of the Russian Mouth [Azbelyev, Meshchersky 1986, No. 76: 214], Altai [Anokhin 192; Verbitsky 1893: 92-93; Ivanovsky 1891: 251; Nikiforov 1915: 241; Potanin 1883 No. 46a: 218-220], Kumandins [Anokhin 1997: 16-17], Shorts [Khlopina 1978: 71-72; Shtigashev 1894: 7-8], Tubalari [Radlov 1989: 221], Tofalar [Rassadin 1996, no. 8: 16], Khakasiv [Kataniv 1963: 155-156], Buryativ [Zolotarov 1964: 8 no. 46b: 220-223] , Negidaltsіv [Khasanova, Pevnov 2003, No. 1: 51-53], Orochs [Avrorin, Lebedeva 1966, No. 49: 195-196] - otherwise seeming, according to all forest and forest-steppe Europe. Opovіdannya tse often follow after rozpіdі about creation (God sends an evil spirit in the form of a bird to get the earth from the bottom of the primary ocean)4.

The myth about the dog-reservoir to avenge deuce “nearly white” motifs, such as the motif of a hard covering on the bodies of the first people, which later on was saved on the fingers of the eyes of the nails, and the motif of the berry, crossed over the fence [Vasilevich 1959: 184; Verbitsky 1893: 118; Lukina 1990: 42, 291-293]. For example, in the past, the area of ​​expansion of similar motives was not bordered by Western Asia5, in Siberia, stinks seem somehow alien, being tied to a given context. It can be admitted that the plot about the dog-recreation center was formed later on, on the periphery of its range (Shidna Europe and the Far East) but bringing it to the already formed look and that is not an adjunct for the reconstruction of early viruvan6. However, for this territory, where the plot is folded back, vin - as an afterthought of the colossal incitation of ideas that have been voted on the other side - serve as additional confirmation of the importance of the statement about the dog, which helps spirits to help souls. While the “near-bright” motifs were taken to Siberia from the first day, then the zone of formation of the plot of the second time for everything included the day of Western Siberia - Altai - Western Mongolia7.

On the Distant Descent, the set of "dog" motives was lower, lower in Central Eurasia. Among the Tungus peoples of the Amur region - Primor'ya, just like the Manchurians [Gimm 1982: 109], the dog acts as a pot of potoybichchya and a conductor of souls there, rivers of blood and pus are cremated - among the Orochs - dog villages. The souls of Nanais, approaching to the point, pass through the territory, “de chuti barks dogs”[Shimkevich 1896: 16], but, perhaps, the whole assessment is less than obvious, as if it were too late to pass. Ainsk (dog-guide) and new (village of dogs) materials - better for everything - do not add new details. The motif of the river of blood fixation among the Evenki and may be Zagalno-Tunguska, but there is no such thing as the “afterlife dog” among the Shidny Siberia. Until then, the Evenk text, in which a river of blood is formed, is brought to the genre of a charming fairy tale and, for a moment, the positions are taken as a whole with the inclusion of up to new motives. Moves and cultures of the peoples of Primorye and the Lower Amur, on the one hand, and Pivdenosibirsk Turkic peoples of the Mongol peoples, on the other hand, demonstrate different parallels in the common Evenki [Smolyak 1989]. Possibility of any kind of diffusion of the current zikavih for us is not included in the motives of the light, moreover, the diffusion of the schvids more went out of the way to the skhid. So, if a dog has a soul in a snake, then a quiet person who lives on the skhіd beats the girl of Amur, ulchiv - squirrels, foxes, speakers, or especially spirits [Smolyak 1980: 228-229].

Among the motives, which are heard like on the pivdni of Siberia, and on the Far Descent, are dog villages, that are special, appointments for dogs of potoybichchya. Although there is no such motive in Iran, the idea of ​​seeing a dog and a person who stands behind him, among other things, is similar to Zoroastrian manifestations. It is possible that the metamorphosis of this motif is the European discovery of the world of psoglavs, recorded in Greece [Shtal 1982: 196-198], in the similar Baltic states among the Estonians, Finns, Latvians and Lithuanians, among the Volga region91; Toivonen 1937: 99], and in Pivdenny Siberia - Hidden Asia among Khakassians [Butanaev, Butanaeva 2001: 24], Altaians [Nikiforiv 1915: 245-246], Buryats [Potanin 1883, No. 70: 32 Khangaliv 1608-1 1:220; 3, No. 129: 362], Mongols [Potanin 1883, No. 70: 322-323; 1893 No. 19: 351], the Chinese [Yuan Ke 1987: 206, 337]8.

Paleo-Asian manifestations - both areal and daily - are related to Alaskan traditions, lower to Western Siberian ones. Chukchis, Koryaks, Eskimos and Athapasks of Western Alaska (ingalik) presented motifs of a settlement of dogs near the sweating world, a river of tears, a caregiver dog, a good standing to dogs, as a way to learn from them to help or a safe passage through them, and also ) zhі, yaku need to be thrown to the dogs. The motifs of the river of tears are fixed in the tribes (the posture of the sound of a “dog after the grave”), the dog-caregiver and the village of dogs, stoked on the way to the sweating world of people. Like the Turks, the Tlіnkіts respected that the overworldly tears at the funeral make the soul stick out to the bone. Among the Athapask groups, the motif of the “dog” potoybіchchya bouv, obviously, is in the car'єr of British Columbia (the soul of a person can burn for mercy on the stitch of dead dogs). Vrakhovuyuchi inconsistency of the data about the cosmology of all Athapask groups between Ingalik and Kar'er, it's easy to say that they have such boules as "dog" motives.

In the Western regions of the Pivnichno-American continent, there is a complex of motives during the day, although there are a lot of mystical mythologies of miracles. Rivers of ash, soot, blood are reappearing in Mesoamerica, more precisely on the pivnichniy periphery of this region - in similar pueblos (Taos). There are no “dog” motives in the region of Velikie Rivnina, and the Crows are often blamed. In their myth, a young man destroys the jokes of his brothers and beats a river like a dog, forcing him for a price to the other shore. Although the light behind the river is not in the exact meaning of the word sweaty, the obvious association is obvious. The collection of motifs in the Crow folklore began to grow faintly in the spirit characteristic of other Algonquian and sycophant groups of Rivnine beer. The Crow moved to the region of Rivne at the same time as the US Descent, moreover, it was earlier to settle earlier in other countries. However, the motif of the dog-transporter is also not presented at the US Departure.

In Pivnіchnіy Ameritsі pov'yazanі іz "afterlife dog" motifs are most typical for Woodland, then for the Middle Sunset and the United States Congress and Canada. The stench is known to all the Mistsevim Algonquins and the Iroquois, as well as to the soumous vinnebago, whose culture is rooted in Algonquian attitudes. Data on similar Sioux (katawba, tutelo) are daily, and on Muscogees it is only less than seminole. The shards of the Seminole have only recently been cremated in the screams, there is little doubt in the fact that the manifestations themselves were the main mass of the Muscovites. Maybe, the stench was rooted in the Mississippi natives. Among the Woodland Indians, the dog acts like a guardian of the sweating world, which can let the soul of the dead or go to hell. No less than a carrier of the dead across the river, and the dog is not here as a guardian. Adopt from the Cherokee (Iroquois z Move) and Delaware (Algonquine) a dog guarding the dead on the Chumatsky Way, and in the Huron and the Seminoles (and, perhaps, from the Natchez) the “dog stitch” on the Chumatsky Way lays a mandate from the stitch of human souls. Just to lie, that in the other traditions of Woodland, the Chumatsky Way is accepted as the road of the dead, and the information about mystic folklore is not new, the association of the dog with the Chumatsky Way was in the traditions of Woodland, which is famous for everything, splendid.

Another large area for expanding the analysis of motives in the New World is Nuclear America, so Mesoamerica is already known, as well as the Central Andean region, roztashovanie between both zones of ancient civilizations. Only here the dog is a carrier of the soul across the river - mayzhe zavzhd for the minds of the garrison of the deceased to the dogs, the docks of the wines are alive. Among the Lacandons, Kogi, mestizos of Pivnіchnoi Kolombії and Peruvian Quechua there is about that very river of tears of blood, which is typical for the manifestations of the peoples of Eurasia, Alaska, and is fixed on Pivdenny Zakhod in the USA. Adopt a dog from the Maya-Tzotzil, give birth to an evil spirit that comes for the soul. In the mountains of Peru, in the adjacent areas of the Amazon (Montania), first after Alaska, the motive of a special settlement of dogs near the sweating world appears. As for the descendants of Pivdennoy America, the deacons of the Indians there respected that after the death of a man the soul of Yogo deceased dog drank in the same one that I myself am, light in heaven, de continuing to serve the Lord. But there is no mention of the special “dog world”, or other motives connected with the theme of the “afterlife dog”, in Brazil there is nothing.

Have zahіdnіy that pivnіchno-zahіdnіy Amazonії dog, like in Nuclear America, is considered a helper of suffering souls, wanting not to transport them through the river. The Yanomami of Pivdennoi Venezuela have a sweating light with a river of blood, and a posture with a stark motif of a dog. The Guanian manifestations are more reminiscent of Woodland traditions. So, among the Caribs, the pemon (taulipan group) is reappearing as a typical Woodland dog association with the Chumatsky Way. The parallels between Guiana and the United States are not alone. As in Guiana, so in Haiti the dog is a vartovy potoybichchya, and not a helper on the way to Tudi. Looking at the material of folklore, it is easier to explain the early penetration of people from Pivnichnaya America to Pvdenny through the Antilles, prote archeological confirmation of similar migration during the day.

discussion

Shards in the Old World have no motive to swim on the dogs, wine, better for everything, appearing in the New World independently. Estimate the hour tsієї appear smoothly. Among the rich motives, blatant for all of Nuclear America, there is no connection with farming, no folding forms social organization, and deyak areas to compete for the interregion, zokrema on the trail of Pivnichnoy America. Obviously, the diffusion of this complex in the borders of Nuclear America could have gone back to the expansion of the state, which vibrated, and civilization. It is clear that the broader motive for crossing the dog across the potoybіchnu river isally escaping from the zone of population of one of the groups of haplotypes, seen among American dogs - group "a". Vaughn was revealed in the great genetic material taken from the remains of dogs from Mexico, Peru and Bolivia. Of all five groups, group “a” is the most distinctive, which is evidence of the isolation.

Shards of other motives, fixed in Nuclear America, in Alaska and in Eurasia, as a whole, stench was brought from the Old World. However, how the stench itself reached Mesoamerica is unclear. The appearance of the Woodland motif of the lacrimal river, with its wide width in Alascia in Nuclear America, speaks of the severity of the diverse movement of the various territorial complexes near the borders of the New World, wanting to build skins from them all the way to other Eurasian complexes is impossible. One of the details of the Mesoamerican descriptions of the way to the next world guessing episode, which is avenged in the texts of the Turkic peoples from Pivdenniy Sibir. To talk about the last soul of a dead or living hero with guardians of the world of the dead, which are not only dogs, but others, moreover, the names of the dead are not unsafe, istoti. It is necessary to propitiate the souls of them, having given the grain to the chickens, to the women - they lived thinly for sewing.

With the significance of the ideas of the Indians of Woodland and Nuclear America, which are said to be about a dog in the world of the dead, though the rank is still said, about which archeology is to be mentioned. On the right, in the beginning of the Archaic period (approximately 8500 years ago) Pivnichniy Ameritsy navmishnya dogs. The earliest sightings were at the Koster camp near Pivdenny Illinois. Usі pohovannya dogs, scho to lie down until an hour earlier I yew. BC, localized between the Middle Sunset and the Descent of the USA and Canada. The areal correlation with ethnographic and folklore tributes is practically stovidsotkov here. From the middle, I yew. BC such honors are also announced in the borders of Nuclear America, because, as before, there are none at the entrance of the USA (Crimea to the pueblo area), nor at the exit of Pivdenny America. Shockingly, M. Schwartz did not comment on the otrimana picture, continuing to attack the universalist approach to mythological manifestations. І yew. BC - This is the hour of expansion in Central America, Pivnichnyh and the Central Andes of the open arable farming, based on the cultivation of Mexican varieties of corn. Appearing to herself in this period and to herself on this territory, the burial of dogs is a banner. Abo (which is small) the modern complex of ideas has nevertheless expanded in Nuclear America even more, being positioned from the central and lower regions of Pivnichnaya America, or in the I yew. BC as a modification, as I knew my own wit in the new practice of pohovannya dogs.

Don’t guess that the dog looks like a wolf, but that it doesn’t look like a jackal. Razbіzhnіst lіnіy jackal and vovka vіdbulosya, fоr thе geneticists, 1 mln BP , however, the distribution of the wolf and the dog is approximately 15,000 liters. The domestication of the dog was the best for everything in Skhidny, Central, Pivdenno-Skhidny Asia. Data about the independent domestication of dogs is also in Pivnіchnіy Ameritsі, perhaps, not confirmed, more steps of genetic closeness between the American dog and the Asian wolf, the lower between the American and Asian wolfs. The remains of a dog at Skhidny Evropi (Єlisiyovichi I) are found up to an hour 17-13,000 years ago. [Sablin, Khlopachov 2004; Sablin, Khlopachev 2002], and near Pivdenniy Sibir (Verkholenska Gora near Irkutsk) - up to about 12,500 years ago. [Abramova 1984: 322; Gromov 1948: 369-372]. True, for some morphological signs alone, it is impossible to breed a Paleolithic dog, especially with inconsistent hybridization between these closely related species. There is more evidence of the burial of a dog in a donkey from Sharu VI at the Kamchatka camp of Ushki I [Dikiv 1979: 54-60] and at the settlement of Ust-Bila on Angara [Krizhevska 1978: 75-78; Medvedev and in. 1971: 62-63]. The radiocarbon age of the Kamchatka materials is about 10,500 years ago9, the Angarsk age can be seen approximately before that or three hours later. Burial of dogs Vіkom 11-12,000 l. see also at natufi. The very fact of navmisnogo pohovannya to rob small moving remains of the remains before the vovka10.

The date of the appearance of the first domesticated dogs, which are rebuying from the process of domestication, in different regions of Europe and Asia give a remarkably small rise (15-10,500 years ago) and chronologically well with the period of cob settlement of the New World. Certainly vipadkovo. The moth of the dogs, the builders pull the dragging of the living m'yas, the spinning of the spinning of the people's internalocontinal districts of the pivnisky-seni-like, and the Potim and the corridor of Mackens. For the merchants of the sea coasts, a volodin with a dog could be less true. Apparently, the dog was more guilty of penetrating into America by the inland continental (Yukon and Mackenzie valleys), lower coastal paths (airways of Alaska). With the help of the admissions, the change of quiet areas is welcomed, as the motives are looked at to borrow from Pivnichniy America, concentrating - the posture of Alaska - Departure of the continent and the day at the entrance. Разючі відмінності кам'яних індустрій сходу Південної Америки від північноамериканського кловісу, предки творців якого швидше за все пройшли з Аляски Коридором Маккензі, і безліч загальних мотивів у фольклорі індіанців сходу Південної Америки і притихоокеанських областей Північної Америки [Березкин 20 перші групи людей, які досягли Бразилії , penetrated into Nove Svіtlo vzdovzh zberezhzhya pivdenny Alaska. We have given more data about the spread of the phenomenon of the dog's ringing with the light of the dead (during the day or weakly in Brazil and at the sunset of Pivnіchnoy America, richly presented at Woodland) to confirm this picture.

There are no unperceived signs of the remains of a dog on the Clovis monuments. As for the klovists, who specialized in poluvanni on the great savts, they did not get used to the meat of the dog, which is not surprising. All human remains revealed in Pivnichniy America, which can be seen up to the final Pleistocene, are also known to be linked to the worldly promiscuity. Approximately synchronous with the appearance of the dog in the New World is confirmed, however, by materials from the Jaguar's Furnace in Idaho. At the cultural balls under a skelny overhang, dating back to an hour close to 10,400 and 11,500 years ago, the bones of a domestic dog were revealed, although there were reports about artifacts that were found right there, they were super clear.

Visnovki

It is obvious that the image of a dog will appear in an instant due to cosmological manifestations, including the manifestations of a storable world, only after domesticated creatures. For other equal minds, the "integration" of the dog into cosmology is to blame for the more intense progress, the more important place the creature occupied in the system of life security (in addition, the high status of the dog in Zoroastrianism is clearly assigned to the economy of cattle breeding). “Potoybіchny dog” is the whole complex of motifs of the Eurasian journey, bringing to America one dekilkom by groups of early migrants, like the best for all, they penetrated there through central, and not pivdennu Alaska. Wanting to go further (possibly, even after the settlement of the New World), the dog has expanded among the middle of the Indians, having taken an important place in the cosmology of the Meshkans in the colonized regions of the region - Alaska, the Middle Sunset and the Descent of the United States and Canada, Nuclear America, Guinea, Montana. The geography of the widest image is not seen in the only one of the master's role of the dog in the ethnographers' homes and is distinguished by historical links between the singing groups of the population of the New World with the Eurasian Proto-Batkivshchina.

addendum

Dzherela ta їх short zmіst

Pivdenna, Pivdenno-Zakhidna and Middle Asia, Kazakhstan

Kalashi (Dardi). Yes, this is heaven, on the skin beret there is an ear of river. The river of the highest (homogo) sky is milky, if you leave the shores - there will be a good harvest. The river of the sixth sky is blood, and it spills causing sickness, hunger, and war [Jettmar 1986: 358].

Tibetans. 1) The patron of the Lamaist religion is alive at the palace of skulls, standing on the tsvintar. On the outskirts there were chotiri lakes: dairy, gold, lake of blood, lake of olives [Sagalaev 1984: 73]. 2) I will get named, Erden Haralik comes to the palace of Rakshases, at the entrance - a lake of blood [Potanin 1891: 141-143].

Rigveda. Two psi gods Yami Zy.ma and Zabala looked at the souls of the dead, delivered them to the world of the dead and guarded them [Elizarenkova 1972: 199, 353].

Avesta (Vd, XIII). At the Chinvat bridge leading to paradise, a beautiful maiden pierced the soul, who was accompanied by two dogs, who guarded the place and entered into battle with evil spirits, who retraced the soul. Whoever takes a shepherd, a mislivska, a guard dog, that dog will not help the Chinvat bridge. The souls of dead dogs come to the dzherel waters. There, out of a thousand bitches and a thousand dogs, two vidri are blamed - a bitch is a dog. The one who, having driven in the vidra, calls out mercilessly on dry land [Kryukova 1999: 17-20].

Iranian Zoroastrians. The dog, created by Ohrmazd, physically buries the body of Adam and Ahriman, is located at the Chinvat Bridge, not allowing him to cross over, who for life was zhorstoy іz dogs, and barking in the air of the gods of the righteous. Vin also helps Mikhr to reveal demons, as if they help to give sinners a greater punishment, to merit less.

Turks. Vіdma order the young people to roam in the Ogіrkov Dіvchina. In order to escape to the path to her, the young man is guilty of praise for the purity of the dzherelo, from which blood and rot flow, and drink three zhmeni.

Time. Father pragne to save the son, send yoga to the dead mother. At the potoybіchny svіtі yunak to pass poz grіshnikіv, scho to suffer. The rest of the boundary, which vindicates the mind of the mother - a river with black, red and yellow swarms of water [Bunyatov ta іn. 1900: 97].

Turkmen (Yomudi). The soul of the deceased sees his grocer's houses. Somewhere along the way and blocking water - the tears of relatives [Demidiv 1962: 196].

Kozakhi. The tears of the widow are not guilty to sink to the ground. Too many tears will turn youma into a "flood" [Toleubaev 1991: 94].

Kyrgyzstan. The tears of relatives can transform into the sea on the path of the soul of the deceased to paradise [Bayalieva 1972: 71].

Pivdenny Siberia.

Tofalari. On the way to Yerlik-Khan, the nebizhchik mav crossed the rope of the wrestler by the hair and passed through the dog village, where they moved after the death of the dog. As if for the life of a man beat dogs, he is guilty of bringing a brush to him [Aleksiev 1980: 175].

Irpin. 1) To attack the hero, the khan send yoga to Yerlik. On the way there, the flower pool, the rocks, the boiling sea needed to be robbed, two women lived for sewing, two camels were hammered into the ground, two dogs were thrown on a piece of meat, three heroes were given a lasso. All the watchmen let the hero go back and forth [Potanin 1883 No. 131: 412-416]. 2) The hero destroys Yerlik Khaan. According to the flock, a big black dog, you need to slander with a sheep's tail, strangle it, put it in the pasture. Camels sleep, smell about you or about your horse - they need to give shkiryaniki. Women feed - pull the tendon for you and the horse - give them a long time to prepare the tendon. At Yerlik's retinue, the hero beats the black dog that he has beaten down, helping you [Taube 1994 No. 3: 61-69]. 3) When zdіysnennі dіy, pov'yazanih z pohovannyam, it is required to uniquely directly, in which the Black Dog's Pasha (Kara It Aksi) is known. It is associated with the Chumatsky Way, with the Great Vedic Medicine, with the starry Cholbon and In. As if he died after eating pasture from qiu, Kara It Aksi needed to give meat, give him a ram, a skinny horse, otherwise he died pulling his relatives after him [Salomatina 1993: 46-52]. 4) At the edge of Yerlik there were gorges filled with human blood, lakes with tears [Dyakonova 1976: 280].

Altaians. 1) Near the underground world of Yerlik, there is a lake, full of tears, silent, who weep for the dead, a red lake with blood beaten, self-tipped and vipadkovo mortally wounded. Yerlik's palace stands with nine rivers turning into one, flowing with human tears. Through it stretched mist from the kinsky hair. As if the soul is trying to turn to our light, the place under it is shaved, and brought back to Yerlik [Anokhin 1924: 3-4; Diyakonova 1976: 278-279]. 2) Bogatyr of messages to Yerlik to bring a new judge that fur coat. To churn lakes there from people's tears, chagar grass from their hair [Nikiforov 1915: 60]. 3) Under the “seven-coloured poplar” there are two black dogs that protect the paths on the land and in the world of Yerlik [Surazakov 1982: 101].

Shorty. When relatives cry, tears from the right eyes make the river Kanchul, from the left - Chashchul. So many tears have been shed, rivers come out of the banks, and the soul cannot cross over them [Direnkova 1940 No. 97, 99: 333, 335].

Pivnichna Evraziya.

Fini. A stream of fire flows under the earth, which is dead, can be twisted on churns, cross the bridge to enter. On the other birch, the guards check with their teeth and three dogs [Aikhenvald et al. 1982: 164].

Saami. The deer-man to ask his mother to bring youma to be named. The road went through the river of blood; The eldest daughter of the old one could hardly cross into the breeze, making the mats with fat from the mother-in-law's mother-in-law, b'є the deer on the nose. The mother-in-law turns it over to the stone. Those same from the middle sister. It is good for the young to dry the carpets, hanging the crooked river with the powder from the measles, offering red cloth to the deer at the vukh [Chornolusky 1962: 84-93].

Mary. The dogs of the Lord of the Dead are guarding the entrance to the Potobichchya. In order to see them, put in the hands of the deceased a lime or humpback chick [Kuznetsov 1904: 101; Sebeok and Ingemann 1956: 112]. At the hour of remembrance of the dead, the dogs were offered a sacrificial hedgehog, accompanying the animals to the dead from the dead after the meal. For the behavior of the dogs, they judged the mutually dead in that world [Vasilkov 1999: 21; Holmberg 1927: 63].

It is important that if a dead person is lowered at the grave, a black dog hits him with a whip. The very blow and sends a person to the next world [Salmin, handyman]. “The hospitalization of dogs at the memorial tsvintary was even compared to a sleepy life with the dead, because the dead on the commemoration place come up on the tip of the dog’s nose” [Salmin 1989: 81].

Komi-Perm'yaki. The dog is “the first animal in that world” [Koroleva 2004].

Nentsi. An ear of light river Pivdnі near the "family swamp", a pivnich arm in the cold "sea of ​​the dead". At the top, there is a “sea with crooked water”, that tree, which covers the earth, the sky, and the underground light [Khelimsky 1982: 400].

Nganasani. Vmirayuchim vmivayut less than a disguise. So, as in the past, a lot of people died, the water, as if embracing the guise of the dead, made the sea deep, through the yak, pretending to be a white bear, it overflows the shaman, and at the same time from him - the souls of the dead, accumulating on the tassels of the costume [Popov 1936: 76].

Silkupi. In the descriptions of the shamans' journeys, the sea is haunted by crooked water [Prokof'eva 1961: 58].

Barguzin Evenki. Batko, then the eldest, the middle son, go to the squad, disappear. The old help the young to know a good horse. It seems old, that the Donets of Chagan-Kan drove in Yogo Batka. On the way to them there is a river of blood with banks of human brushes [Voskoboynikov 1973 No. 18: 80-89].

Yukagir. The lower world has a river of blood [Mikolaeva et al. 1989: 155].

Far off.

Nanaytsi. 1) Hado was born from birch trees, on goydalks, yogo birds were yearning. Xa chop a tree, to get a goydalka, but all the sokiri are broken. In the dream Hado order youmu to go to the river of blood to the river of pus, take rotten blood from them, cover the trunk. After that tree was cut down [Shternberg 1933: 492-493]. 2) The soul is in the care of a dog [Smolyak 1980: 228].

Udegeytsi. 1) In the largest city of the potoybek world, there is a river of red color, a black swamp and black rocks (Arsenyev’s archives in [Bereznitsky 2003: 78]). 2) To dirka at the entrance of the shamans, bring the souls of the dead, pass them on to the masters of the poteybichchya. The dog guards the entrance and does not let the souls back [Pidmaskin 1991: 45, 120].

Orochi. 1) The dog protected the soul of the soul on the її way to the sweating world [Bereznitsky 1999: 104]. 2) The sweating-out light of the dogs in front of the opening, which leads to the drinking-room of people [Kreinovich 1930: 52].

Nivkhs. Іsnuє potoybіchny svіt dogs, ale nevіdomo, de same vіn raztashovaniya [Kreinovich 1930: 52].

Ainu. The soul comes to the road to the light of the dead, one leads to the settlement of the gods, and in the Wet Hell. The dog leads the soul alone on the road.

Chukotka, Alaska, American Arctic.

Chukchi. Died to pass through the dog light. Dogs throw themselves at him and bite him, as if a man had been filthy with them for his life [Bogoraz 1939: 45; Bogoras 1902: 636].

Koryaks. One soul rises to the Greatest Іstoti, another descends to the first ancestors. Dogs are guarding the entrance to the lower world, not letting them in quietly, who have beaten dogs for their lives. Sob to buy vartovyh, to the dead man in mittens, put rib'yachi swimmers. Pіdіyshovshi to the dogs of the lower world, vіn give єm tsyu їzhu.

Ingalik (atapaski12). A person is in the world, її the soul goes along the wide road, as if the vіdgaluzhuyutsya vіzkі, scho lead to the settlements of the souls of different creatures. We will pass the settlement of the souls of people, then the settlement of the souls of dogs. There are two dog souls protecting Yogo, the place is not safe. We are transported in a chovni on the cob through the black river from the sweat of the dead, sweat through the light from the tears shed during mourning. Yogo vіdpravivat back, vіn turn at his body and rozpovіdaє pro batchene.

Central Yupik. The young woman died. Її the deceased did lead її to the edge of the dead. The stench comes to the settlement, the old man tries to hit the woman with a club and his wife. Did explain what the settlement of dogs is. A woman of wisdom, like dogs suffer, like they are beaten. Walk to the river of tears, shed the earth for the dead. Dry grass that smіttya plivut behind the flow, zupinyayutsya in front of the woman. Tsim bridge over to go to the other shore near the settlement of the dead.

Coxoagmіut (eskimosi Labrador). The path at the lower world lies in a long dark passage, which is guarded by a stotom (imovirno, a dog), which is to follow the souls.

Tlinkity. 1) The shaman who died and rose again told about the problem. Bіlya rіky vіn dovgo shouting, no one is a chuv. When he died, the dead hung a chauvin after him. The water in the rіchtsі gіrka - tse slozi, which was shed by the squads. 2) At the river, on the way at the world of the dead, the water is girka, like a zhovch. 3) If the relatives of the dead cry richly, the souls have to go to the takanka on the water, the tundra [Kamensky 1906: 98; Kamenskii 1985: 72]. 4) They died at the vіynah, or in the event of an unfortunate fall, they spend it on the sky near the world of Spolohіv. Closer to the earth in the darkness is the Sky of Dogs. Here the souls of chaklunivs are taken, those self-tapping pliers are quiet, who drive the creature aimlessly. The stink of living there at once from the souls of dead dogs. People walk there on their hands, burn their feet, women are crustaceans. 4) They carried the body away, breaking the back wall of the booth, then they threw the dead dog, calling to protect the soul from the attackers on it with the path of creatures. Together with another informant, they threw a living dog, so that the soul of a person would have a new one, and not the living soul, a spirit (evil) had entered, which was snarling on the stitches. If you want to settle in a human soul, you will die 13.

Middle West and Downward USA and Canada.

Menomine (Algonquine). The soul of the dead goes to the river, behind it is the settlement of the dead. A slimy deck is thrown across the river. The majestic dog, the leader of all earthly dogs, does not let him go to the quiet place, who, for his life, having repaired mischief or filthily behaved with dogs and wolves.

Winnebago (SІU). The old one lives one of the chotirma dogs, stink for the new one. Vin gives the sacred power of three. The fourth one takes the building to poluvat at night and day, becomes Sirim Vovkom, the patron of people. Її brothers Zeleny, Chorniy and Bily Vovka became the patrons of the lower world.

Ojibwa (Algonquine). 1) I died going to the country of a distant watering. Bіlya razdorіzhzhya yogo guard the great dog, who passes quietly, who is kind to dogs. 2) I died to go to a raging river, a deck was laid through it. From both sides of this place guard the dogs. The stench barks and sticks quietly by the river, who for life is rotten before the dogs.

Massachusett, or other Algonquins of New England (XVII century). “At the door of Elyzium, the great dog stalks the dead menacing garrison. Shchob vіdbityas vіd ny, put bows and arrows to the graves ".

Delaware (Algonquin). Dogs guard the mist-deck on the road of Chumatsky Way, to lie down the way at the sweating world. The souls are quiet, who have been filthy about dogs for life, the stench zіshtovhuyut from the well near the water.

Huroni (pіvnіchі іroquois, XVII century). 1) Souls go to the sweating world of the Chumatsky Way. According to the court stitch, also designated by the stars and the title of "stitch of dogs", the souls of dogs walk. 2) Souls on the way to the world of the dead are guilty to cross the river with a log, like a watchdog. Vіn on bagatioh throws and zіshtovhuє into the river, scho fell to drown.

Iroquois (pіvnіchі). “Five Nations believe that self-destructors, violators of punishments For the sake of the Leaders, those who throw the armed squads cannot reach the blissful land of Eskanane after death. There is a deep dark yar on the way there. Bachachi self-destructs, the guide guides you to help. That step on a hit deck, fall. A majestic dog lives on the day of the yar, at the new scab, vin evil. Mustache, who, having fallen, otrimuyut from the new qiu ailment and suffer. Here, idiots and dogs are consumed, but life in this place is better.”

Shani (Algonquini). “Shoni has the motives of the water, that watchdog-dog on the path to the world of the dead.”

Cherokees (Pivdenny Iroquois). Sirius and Antares - two star-dogs next to each other, there, de Chumatsky Way zestrichaetsya over the horizon. Їx you can’t sing at once. The soul is moving slowly along the thin poles; Others continue to go to the exit, and then to the exit. Bіlya pass on the road rozdorіzhі need good weather first dog. Going farther, the soul is chasing another dog and the same year. Whoever has little with him, that one can appear not in the power to bypass another dog and always blur between two.

Seminoli (Muscogee). Dihannya, what I'm doing, dme into the sky, the Chumatsky Way - "the road of souls" appears. Souls good people go by him as a mist at the entrance of the sky. Dogs and, ymovіrno, other creatures go "the way of dogs." Tsі two stitches are approaching and zustrichayutsya at the heavenly place. Previously, dogs were driven in, the stench accompanied the rulers. .

Chіkaso (Muscogee), Natchez. Chumatsky Shlyakh is a dog stitch [There it goes: 139].

Pivdenniy Zakhid USA.

Taos (Tanyo). A man wants a squad, follow her to another world. The stink to cross the rivers. By the first water, in the coming ashes, soot, shelter were given. A living person can drink less pershoї. Cholovіkovі vdaєsya turn the squad.

Mexico.

Vichel (Uto-Aztecs). The soul goes with a stitch, it splits in two. To the right, a hungry dog ​​checks on it, a crow and an opossum sing from a corn field, which they believe, that the opossum has not died. The soul throws the dog five tortillas. For as long as it exists, it is possible to pass, otherwise the dog will taste it.

Bark (?) (Colima state, Uto-Aztecs, XVI century). V_kayuchi in the flood, scho nasuvaetsya, people go up to the fire after the dog. After the flood, the dog is hovering at the great lake, de Yogo sees the souls of those who died on the way to their remaining abode.

Aztecs (Uto-Aztecs, XVI century). The dog, knowing the Lord, to transport his soul through the river to the path to the world of the dead. That's why people shake dogs.

Nahua (Uto-Aztecs, 20th century). Three-chotiri small tortillas are placed at the grave. He died giving his black dog, who would carry yoga on his back through the river to the road to the other world. The right-handed one, from the body, puts the rod of pesky dogs from the world of the dead into the grave.

Metisi of central Mexico. If they died well for their lives, they were put before dogs, then help them to cross the river. A black or yellow (brown?) dog will come and carry a dead man on his back, ask for a white one.

Totonaki. After the first descent of Rankovoy Zirka, and then let's kill the Son of the first ancestors. The dog leads their souls to the Son, that one to judge them. Kindly order to repopulate the earth.

Drink (mіhe-soque), Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecs) of similar Veracruz. On their way, the souls of the dead can drag a river of blood.

Mіhe (mіhe-juice). Sob dogs missed її, the soul of the dead throws them shortcakes.

Huastechi (Maya). Dogs accompany the soul in sweat and help with the road. It is the fault of people to behave kindly with their dogs.

Lacandoni (Maya). The soul comes to the river of tears shed by relatives, gives brush to dogs, grain to curls, hair to lice. As for life, a person was kind to a dog, she was transported across the river, which was swarming with crocodiles.

Quiche (Maya). Brothers Hun-Hun-Ahpu and Vukub-Hun-Ahpu requested to play at the ball near the lower world. Going down there, cross the river of blood and the river of pus, but do not drink from them. That same episode from the road to the lower light of the blue Hun-Hun-Ahpu [Kinzhalov 1959: 36, 59].

Tzotzil (Maya). 1) The squad died, the man followed her, crossing the lake for the help of a black dog. Three days later he turned and died. 2) Died to cross the river for the help of a black dog. 3) The black dog of the white of the hot river crosses the souls of it quietly, who are kindly placed before the dogs. On earth, the evil spirit (pujuk) that comes for the soul, the dog pronounces to blow the hairs on his tail to a sweater. As if the master is good, the dog smacks his tail, the evil spirit fights for the rahunka.

Otomi (oto-mange). 1) Put a clay dog ​​near the string, you will transport your soul across the river. 2) When we died, they put a biscuit for a dog, which would make the soul grow dear in that world.

Zapotec (Oto-Mange). Like a man, for a good life, he behaved with dogs, a black dog to transport his soul across the river.

Mishteki (Oto-Mange). The black dog is the guide of souls in the world of the dead.

Masateki (Oto-Mange). 1) After the death of the lord Yogo, the dog helps him to cross the river to the edge of the dead. People are guilty of being kind to dogs, not being good at their hands, but throwing them on the ground. 2) The black dog checks for a river for the soul, in order to transport it to the other shore.

Central America.

Hikake. 1) Toms live in the lost sky, de shine chotir sun and chotir month. If you want to eat there, the shaman will fly to the retreat through the sea of ​​crooked colors. There, the virushayut died. 2) On the way to the world of the dead, the soul goes to the river. It seems that a dog, once having been a master, has been able to grab a tail, to transport the soul to the other shore [Ibid: 237].

Miskito (misumalpa). The dog rowed with an oar, transporting the soul of the deceased in a chute.

Frame (Chibcha). On the path near the world of the dead, the souls thaw with water, then they sound the Great Dog. Souls filthy people to drown abo z'їdenі dog, good souls pass safely.

Talamanca (chibcha). After death, the dog transports the soul across the river.

Kuna (chibcha). The shaman crosses the lake of blood, falls, stumbles on another birch. The conductor seems to be the blood of the yogo squad, that the wine was beating. Those same with the passage through the other lake, there was the blood of Yogo Sin. You can’t beat the squad that children.

Antili.

Taíno (Arawaks; given by Columbus's companion R. Pane). The brahmnik dog sits on the edge of the lake, guarding the exit and entry at the world of the dead.

Colombia, Venezuela.

Kogi (chibcha). He died to come to the first river, giving his chin to the dog, so that he would be transported to the other shore. Then we come to the river of tears shed by relatives, check, the docks are dry. Through the third river, the mother of the dead helps to cross, as if the daughter was kind to her.

Yupa (caribi). 1) On the other side of the river or the lake, the soul has a majestic dog. Vіn vіdmovlyаєєtsya to transport quiet, hto bv zhorstoky іz dogs. Other creatures can be carriers, you need to be good with them. 2) The girl follows the dead kohanim in the next world. The stench comes to the river, from the other side a majestic dog rushes up to them, order the people to tremble by the ear, the girl instructed the fire independently. without help the dog is dead cannot cross the river. Poorly behaved with their dogs zmusheni dovgo chekat white river.

Metisi Pivnichnoy Kolombia, Aritama area (kogi covers, chimila ta/abo yupa). A black dog should be transported through the river of tears of a dead person, a white dog through a dairy one, and a black dog through a crooked one. Dogs do help less than tim who are good to them.

Jan (yanoama). The moon is made up of two halves, separated by a lot of blood. The river flows through three lakes. If it's time to shake the tree, the souls that were rejuvenated in lakes of blood fall down like a bloody board. Passing through the gloomy gloom, the roof is being transformed on the plank.

Guiana.

Kalini (caribi). 1) I died to come on the cob to the grandfather-Toad, then to the grandfather-Dog, rozpovidaє, having driven in the wines of the toads and dogs. Freed from evil thoughts, wines come to the settlement of the deity. 2) The majestic dog guards the river, which the souls cross.

Taulipan (caribi). They died to go Chumatsky Way. Dogs are driven in quietly, who rottenly behaved with them for life. Gospodar Dogs pierce souls.

Lokono (Arawaki). Rising up to the sky, the soul of the dead stuns the mother dog. Vaughn asks, chi bov pokіyny for a good life to dogs. Yakshcho buv, the dog podbіgaє, wagging its tail, the dog-Mother is yearning and out of the blue. Yakshcho ni - the dog throws himself at him.

Zahidna that pіvnіchno-zahіdna Amazonia.

Shuar (khivaro). A dog to carry water at the vuhah, to refresh the soul of the Lord, to burn by the fire of the volcano. The dog of the filthy ruler is less likely to blow the fire.

Letuam (skhіdnі tukano). In that world, the dog stuns the dead. As if for a life a person was good with her, she took away good food, as if a zhorstok - excrement.

Central Andy.

Quechua Huanca, mountains of central Peru. At the grave of a dead man, lay a dog. According to the price in that world, the soul will pass the waterless country, and the dog will bring water from the air.

Quechua, burning of central Peru. The souls of the dead cross the river with a narrow hairy bridge. We help to cross (loshandepassar) black dogs, which are specially raised and driven in.

Quechua, Department of Cusco. The river of blood Yauar Maya cremates our world (kai pacha) to the world of the dead. The soul is transported through her black, brown or streak dog. There lived one girl, at night her head could see what was happening with them, who were looking for sexual benefits. Turning around, the head knew the doors were closed, clung to the shoulder of the passerby, the headless body died. The girl's dog recognized the master's head, transported the man across the River of Blood, where the head was shaved on its own body. The dog began to drink from rivers of blood (drying її?), transported people to our world.

Quechua (department of Ayacucho). The soul of the dead one rushes to go through the place of dogs and through Mapa Mayo (“Richka gidoti, brudu”), sometimes crossing it on the back of a black dog.

Aymar (Potosi department). 1) Black dogs carry the souls of the dead across the river. 2) “The son of our ruler, having proclaimed to kill the black dog of the dead woman, so that she would accompany the master in a sweat.”

Montagna

Uraria. People rush to the chute to the village of Duhiv-Sobak. If you give him a substitute for the meat of the brush - don't try it, if people are fond of the brushes of dogs. A man grise a brush, fight like a dog. Spirit-Dogs throw themselves at him, but they rage (perhaps, having turned their own likeness).

Ashaninka (Arawaks). 1) The dog to serve as a guide for the dead. Knowing the torments of the lower world, the violators of the statutory taboo rise to the mountains, squealing at the tail of a dog.

Machigenga (Arawaki). For the dead to lash the great dog - їhnіy gospodar.

Shipibo (pano). After death, three souls fill the body. One straight line to the great lake, de zustrіchaєtsya with the Owner of Dogs at the Dog Selenny. As for the life of a person, he treated his dogs badly and treated them with brushes alone, Gospodar Sobak also propagated the souls of brushes without meat.

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204. Winning H. von. The Shaft Tomb Figures of West Mexico. Los Angeles, 1974. (Southwest Museum Papers. No. 24).
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Notes

1. The work was prepared for the support of the RFBR grant 04–06–80238, programs fundamental insights Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Ethno-cultural interaction in Eurasia", grant 2004 Presidium of St. Petersburg Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. D. Abdulloev, Z.A. Abramova, M.F. Albedil, S.A. Vasiliev, Ya.V. Vasilkiv, V.G. Moiseev, V.V. Napolsky, M.V. Shablin, A.K. Salmin, G.V. Sinitsina, I.V. Stasevich, I.M. Steblin-Kamensky. Vsіm vyslovlyu heartfelt sympathy.
2. Data not calibrated. The calendar age, dated C14 at 10,000 years ago, outweighs radiocarbon by about 2000 years.
3. What is a specific Turkic motif in Eurasia, wailing and from the dull riddle of the river of tears in the Bashkir epic [Sagitov 1987: 296, approx. 16].
4. Transitional - like a geographic reference, and for a change - from Iranian zooastrian statements about a dog-hunter of a person from an evil spirit to a pivnіchno-Eurasian image of a dog-health caretaker serve as a Kazakh version [Ivanovsky 1891: 250]. Vіn may zbіgaєtsya z pіvnіchnoevrazіyskim, but in the new frost with an evil spirit, the dog is simply not in a position to vryatuvat people. God Himself, and not his adversary, gave her a warm fur coat, so that now she could without interruption her function as a watchman. Variants of the plot, in which the dog is positively characterized, in Pvdenny Asia. In the mythical kachari, one of the peoples of Assam, God creates people, but he does not reach the darkness to put into the bodies of the soul. At night, brothers of God, oppose your creation. Then God creates two dogs, the stench creates ruins, and the vranci of wine completes the creation. Similar texts were recorded among the Munda peoples at the gatherings of India, Zokrema at Kirku, Santal, Birkhor and Vlasne Munda. The parallels with the Siberian texts are especially obvious, as if they were wrong, which are accepted by the Kachars and in a lesser explicit form by the Santals, the whole series of episodes follows the story of the discovery of the earth from the bottom of the sea. At that very hour, it’s less in kachari, birkhor and munda, the deity creates a watchman, who creates characters, how to heal human bodies, moreover, in the munda there is a dog, and a spider. Munda probably lived in India earlier, lower II yew. BC . The ancestral home of the Tibeto-Birmantsiv was located near Assam, in Sichuan, but even more deeply penetrating into Burma and Assam also began less than I yew. BC . It seems that the myth, as it is being looked at, among the ancient peoples of India, is to work with a small world of yoga pivdennoasiatskoe pozhennya. It is most remarkable that the habitat of the watchdog motif is the next to go around in Central Asia.
5. The motive of the taken fruit, herbs toshcho. how to understand the attainment of sexual maturity among the first people, among the dravidians of India, moreover, there the wines are simpler, lower in the Old Testament - the formations are supposed to be produced before the appearance of menstrual bleeding or vaginess.
6. It is characteristic that the myth about the dog-recreation center has not penetrated in the larger remote areas and the lower areas (Taimir, Kolima, Kamchatka, Chukotka).
7. Porivn. prove the merit of the penetration of Manicheism into the Altai through the Sogdian mediation [Kizlasov 2001].
8. The Chinese placed the "Land of the Dogs" at the brewery entrance. Like in the Mongols and Turks, less than men got into the psoglavtsy, women were small in human likeness. Porivn. recorded in Dagestan among the Muragints, a notification about the country, at night people pretend to be dogs [Khanagov 1892: 153].
9. Confirmed by new findings.
10. A fully domesticated dog in the Levant is from the Pre-ceramic Neolith B, but still, the morphological features of the natufian dog in the form of a wolf are small, and the creature has clearly been in special stoks with a human being.
11. Among the ethnos, knowing the motif of the "afterlife dog", Jochelson guessed the same telmeniv and yukagiriv, but not to point out the details. Div. also .
12. As a language of Indians, in some records the text should lie to the great sim'ї, tsya affiliation is shown at the temples in italics.
13. A. Kamensky [Kamensky 1906: 109; 1985: 78

In Greek mythology, Persephone is the daughter of Zeus himself and the goddess of birth Demetri, but about the people of their single child, it’s not rich. Mythology proves that Demeter fell in love with Zeus as an older sister and was calmed by him, if she pretended to be a snake. Demeter Bula is the daughter of Rhea Kronos. Kronos - the god of death, maw a star to devour his children. Demeter's share was not lost, but then the bula was drawn from the womb of her father and vryatovana.

Persephone, as a nation, was a life-loving and beautiful girl, and once remembered her dear uncle - the god of the underworld kingdom Ahd. The axis of the wines and victorious Persephone and led you to your kingdom of eternal darkness, so that you can strengthen your squad. Demeter, knowing about the stolen daughter, became unhappy, descended from Olympus to Earth and shone with light at the plaintive smell. This image of the combustible Demetri, which Olympus had deprived of, having told about the dry land and the evil of vrazha, the shards of Demeter were opined by the oracles of those women. Pereboivayus in mourning, she ceased to tie her lint, which called out the hunger of the earth.

Zreshtoy, Demeter did not see her misfortune and turned back to Zeus to turn Persephone, the shards of stolen daughter Aid were praised by his father. Zeus punished Hermes to go down to the kingdom of the dead and take the goddess from the kingdom of Hades. Ale Aid buv dosit cunning and having uttered to Persephone z'isti kіlka grain a pomegranate in front of him, as if she had left yoga. Pomegranate seeds in Ancient Greece symbolized friendliness and the rebirth of friendship after a long separation. Persephone took the grain, by which she herself took the wine of the goiter to turn to Hell. And so it happened.

Under the hour of the long-awaited son of the mother with the donka, Demeter slumped, because the daughter did not hesitate to go to the kingdom of the dead, to Persephone, not prihovoyuchi, vіdpovila, scho pomegranate seeds, proponated by Aid. Demeter realized that Persephone turned to her not forever. However, in ancient Greek mythology, Persephone is by no means portrayed as an unfortunate young girl, but rather as a strict, imprisoned Volodarka of the kingdom of darkness.

This garna legend symbolizes the change of fate: Persephone spent two thirds of fate with her mother, and one third - with the underworld with Aid. Two thirds of the fate of sleepy Greece panuє summer, and one third - winter. Persephone is also a symbol of a woman-child, a guide to the world of the dead that spring - shorazu, if she turns from the kingdom of Hades, Demeter's daughter and re-starts to her direct obov'yazkiv. Nature is moving, and spring is coming.

The archetype of "Demeter-Persephone" is widely expanded in psychology. A pair of "Demeter-Persephone" in the "mother-daughter" scheme, in which the daughter is too tied to her mother and lie down in her.

Tsikavo, that the myth about Persephone was invented not in Greece, but only as positions and adaptations in the past. It is important to note that the origin of this opovidі Balkans, and the story about Persephone was widely expanded among the settlers of the Balkans in the Mycenaean era.

Death, like life, is out of nature, even though we don’t have the same emotions. We think we know about the death of us. Ale chi tse so? And chi often forgot the phrase: "They have already come for him." Who has come and visited?

Є admission, what are the guides of souls, like the hour comes at the appointments, so that the soul of the dead can be helped to move from this world to another, so that the soul does not perish between ours and the other world.

Physicians, who work with people of a frail age, or hopelessly ill people, talk about non-violent speeches, as if they are with people not long before death. For example, ailments heal with their relatives, who died long ago, and dream clear and barvy. Two days before the death of such ailments, a “transitional” viraz is manifested, as if it were true to the living. Doctors also respect that people near the deathbed become like unreasonable cold. And children and svіyskі creatures inspire children to work.

Explorers. Rozpovidaє eyewitness Ivan

During my school holidays, I traveled to the village to my grandmother. Grandmother was a kind and bright person, in the village everyone loved her and respected her. I love to go to the forest together with her and pick different berries and herbs. In a moment, the water told a rich cynic about living and dead water, about the master of wild creatures and foxes, about Budinkovs and mermaids ... Expect the floorings of the tsikavimi that it was given, and form an axis-axis become alive in front of my eyes.

As if in the evening, my grandmother said to me: “It’s time for me to break in the other world. They checked me in there. I’ve already bacheled the conductors.” I didn’t even believe it, and thought: “Oh, why do you need to guess!”.

As if I had thrown myself in the middle of the night, I had a terrible dream. I already don’t remember what I dreamed about, but it was so scary for me that I was going to go to the door and breathe fresh air. Passers-by brought granny's room, I glanced at the open door, and ... sighed in the heat.

The sweat of pink black smoke, like a bula, is similar to black smoked gumi, which burned, spilled over a grandmother's lizhk. Qia shadow took on the most subtle forms, sometimes it was similar to human shadows. My body was squeezing neimovirny fear, I wanted to believe that I was dreaming about everything.

People have known for a long time that death cannot escape. Potoybіchni svіti so became a mystery for us, but we always tried to find out what checks on us after death. The religions of different peoples of the world describe the other worlds differently. In the present hour, they instill in us that after death the soul can break to Hell abo Paradise, to lie like a man's wound for life. However, a long time ago people described sweaty worlds in a different way - more cicavo, full, barvisto. In these articles, we describe the variations of the sweating worlds of various ancient peoples, and also it is clear who are the guides of the sweating worlds.

Carrier and guide at the sweatshop world

From history and mythology, it is practical to learn from us that people in the old days were usually put before funeral rites. A person was prepared to the afterlife with a special rank, the shards were respected, that without it they would not accept their soul, through which they would then be stuck between the worlds of the dead and the living. In funeral rites, special respect was attached to the process of the satisfaction of the carrier or the conductor, as they call him.

The boundary between the worlds: for the sweat and ours, it was like that, which was true. For example, the words "yani" respected that the river Smorodinka should serve there. The ancient Greeks called the river Stiks the boundary between the lights, and the Celts called the sea, as if the soul was not enough to fight for the help of a guide.

Before the poromnik, who, having ferried souls to potoibichchya, they were put up with respect. The Egyptians, for example, performed many rituals to appease yoga. It was important that you didn’t rob someone, the soul would never reach the sweating world, make the Volodar become a righteous man. At the dead man were placed special amulets and objects, with which it is not enough for the soul to pay the guide.

The Scandinavians appreciated that among the worlds of the living and the dead there is a naiglybsha river with gloomy evil water. Take care of nothing more than in one place, nibito boules are bridged with a bridge of the purest gold. It is practically impossible to pass this bridge on your own; The soul is small one day: like a home with the mother of these veletniv, like a witch on the name of Modgud. Before the speech, the Scandinavians believed that they were warriors, who appeared in the battle on the above-described bridge, having made Odin a powerful person, after which, accompanying them at Valhalla - a mythological sweatshop for the warriors, in which the checks were beautiful on them.

Charon, the hero of mythology Ancient Greece, was the most spoken porter of the sweating world. Vіn ferrying souls through the river Stiks to the sweating world of Aida. It was impossible to know a compromise solution with him, the shards of the wines were listening to the law and did not compete with the gods of Olympus. For the crossing of Charon, I forgave only one obol - I’ll steal a coin for that hour, as the relatives of the deceased put youma in your mouth at the hour of the funeral. Even before the hour of the funeral, the traditions that sound were not finished, Charon was inspired to let his soul go to his cloak. As if the day of the deceased was stingy and did not make a generous sacrifice to Hades, Charon also inspired.

The most profitable life for us at the vista of the Celts

The Celts believed that after death they were charged with a rich declaration of the "Land of Women", with such skins they could take care of their beloved right. On the dead, like a zoom, to spend there, a coin without a turbo, accepting life. Good warriors could take part in glorious tournaments there, minstrels pleasured women there, and borderless rivers of spruce were minted on pennies (drinking Celtic drink). The souls of friends and wise men were not left on the "Land of Women", the shards of grief after the death of the body were assigned to be reborn on another body and continue their mission.

Possibly, the very zavdyaks of such statements about the sweatshops of the Celtic warriors were always respected by tight grunts, though absolutely fearless. The stinks were not afraid to die, for they knew what to eat with the heavenly world after death. The stench did not value their lives, but they were fighting more and more.

In order to get to the "Earth of the Women", it was necessary to be cleared by a good conductor. The legend said that if on the western birch of Brittany a mysterious settlement grew up. The Borgians raptly squandered the Meshkants and pinned tributes to pay, the shards from them were victorious in their misery. The people from this village were assigned to transport the souls of those who died in the sweatshop world. The baby came for them without a trace, woke them up and straight to the seashore. There, beautiful chines were minted on them, practically tucked into the water. The guides sat on the white of the kerm and transported the souls, as they were entangled in the hut, to the gates of the afterlife. After a deaky hour, the chandeliers stuck at the peeping shore, after which they were empty. The souls were straightened to other guides in black cloaks, they nourished names in them, ranks and ranks, after which they were led to the gate.

Bartoví bіlya thresholdіv potoibіchnyh kingdoms

At the rich myths and legends of the gates of the kingdoms beyond the grave, there are varti, which are most often dogs. The deyakіbnі pravohorontsі not only protect the gate of the sweating world, but also protect from afar the yogo bagmen.

In ancient Egypt, it was respected that Anubis, a deity with a jackal head, was respected by the afterlife, which they feared. Anubis sustrichav souls, delivered by a guide, after which he brought them to court before Osiris and entrusted them to virok.

Legends tell that Anubis herself revealed the secrets of mummification to people. Vіn nibito povidav to people that saving those who died in such a rank, you can provide them with a happy and trouble-free life.

At the words of the "Janian religion of the soul" until the end of the day, having spent the whole time, which then was rewritten by the character of all the famous fairy tales about Ivan Tsarevich. Same vovk as a guide. Vіn ferrying the dead across the river Smorodinka to the realm of the Right, rozpovіdayuchi for an hour, how to behave there. The guardian of the potion of the words of the Jansky world, at his side, was the winged dog Semargl. Vіn protecting the cordoni between the words of the mythical svіt Navі, Yavі ta Pravі.

Cerberus is the most terrible and the most terrible guardian of the trigolovian Cerberus - a mythical dog, which guards the gate of the sweating world, which is based on the mythology of Ancient Greece. Behind the legend, one time Hades scurried off to his brother Zeus on those who are badly protected by the world. Souls constantly vibrate from the new, destroying the light's jealousy. Having listened to his brother, Zeus gave you a fierce guardian - a majestic three-headed dog, a toxic slug, which itself was covered with blasted snakes. For the long haul, Cerberus faithfully served Aida, and once unnecessarily abandoned his settlement, after which he was killed by Hercules for the sake of his head, like a hero giving the king Eurystheus. This was the twelve labors of the glorious Hercules.

Slovyanskі svіti: Nav, Yav, Rights and Slavs

At the sight of other peoples of that hour, the words believed that the soul in the sweating world would not be forever. Nezabar after death, one will be reborn and destroy the world of the living - Yav. The souls of the righteous, like they didn’t hurt anyone in their lives, for some hour they violated the world of Law - the world of the gods, they prepared them for rebirth. The souls of people, like they perished in the battle, moved to the world of Glory, in which the heroes and merciful Perun were. Whose god, having given the heroes all their minds for a turboless potoybichchya: eternal light, fun and so on. And the axis sinners, evil deceivers and deceivers broke into the evil sweaty world - Navi. There, their souls sank, and it was only possible to rouse them with prayers, as if they could help the relatives of the dead, who were lost from the world of the living.

The Slovyans respected that the soul should be destroyed in the light of Yav in two generations. In this rank, the dead maw was reborn at his great-grandson. For example, such things did not appear in the new one, but for some reason, having been interrupted, the soul had to be reborn in the creature. It seemed similar to the souls of lifeless people, as if they had left their families for life.

Such people are at all times, they are endowed with a special gift, which is called in a different way - extrasensory vibrancy, clairvoyance, the ability to transfer the future toshcho. All the stench may have a special connection with the parallel world, which is also called almost the third eye. .

In the Middle Ages, they spat on the fires, for example, the nineteenth, they massively hoarded them, and during the hours of the Radyansk government, they also gave persecution, through which people were guilty of blatantly masquerading. Today, I’ll help you, as if it’s not a charlatan, who knows how to get out of the life situation that has developed, but most of all, they have the gift of victorious for interfacing with a parallel world.

The stench can be slaughtered by those who cannot be succumbed otherwise and stalely, in order to what strength they bear for themselves, they can help different people to improve their nutrition.

Іnuє impersonal thoughts about those, how to take away such zdіbnosti, but fahіvtsі, who grow this phenomenon, vvazhayut that you can become either a psychic or a witch. First of all, win the function of splicing with spirits, they can forge sickness and change the future, operating only with bioenergetics.

Considering that chakluni zdatnі more subtly discern the presence of toxic forces, often operate with different ingredients for the preparation of drugs of different indications. A psychic can become absolutely a human being, to that which is more powerful than the skin and in order for the “third” eye to be flattened, furnish the necessary deeds.

Most often it happens after a strong emotional shock. A lot of practitioners and fahivtsiv in the hallway psychics tell about some special feelings in their lives, after such stench they saw a change in the body.

Death close people, getting into an accident too soon, for different natures, they will end up in such circumstances themselves. A person’s back feels uncomfortable to finish off, the headache, the pressure and the constant noise at the head are the symptoms of the fact that a link has arisen from the thin ethereal lights. The deyakі lyakayutsya, because they don’t know what to work in such a time, they almost sound like voices and marvelous sounds, so everything guesses the situation, if the radio receiver is not connected to the sprat of a radio wave.

It's a pity not everyone can get into the crazy flow of information that goes through the cosmic channel. Buvayut vypadki, scho pozbutis symptoms, people lay hands on themselves, switch to drugs, drink too much or drink to a psychiatric hospital. How to designate fakhivtsі, it’s important, so that at this hour people were in order, to help tidy up the elements, to learn how to sing, or just to correctly understand those who are familiar.

The process has its own work with energy flows, the psychic acts as a filter, various information passes through it, which is signified by the year in the physical state and can lead to a nervous breakdown. Few such fahivtsiv can boast of good health. Irrespective of those who stink to help other people dress up, antrochs themselves cannot be quickened by their gift.

On the vіdmіnu vіd ekstrasensіv, vіdmi those chakluni otrimuyut their gift from the fall. It is obvious that women-witches, who are engaged in black magic, pass yoga strictly through the generation, so that from the grandmother to the onuk, passing the bottom. Why can’t anyone say for sure, but fakhivtsy admit that in this case the detail of the ritual is important. Often a girl from a small age, a grandmother is ready to be recognized, which means not only special fortunes and, as a legacy, - power, but th all day family life. Oskelki herself take over all the fluctuations, then set up before her especially, with her bottoms, as a rule, they don’t get along.

So, like a daughter of gods, save your child from the path recognized by her, just take the girl from her grandmother. Cursing, pristrіt, psuvannya, transferring the future and richly other is inextricably linked with the witches. It turns out that the stench of the devil’s retinues and the crowd in the night of 30 April on 1 May (Walpurgis night), get angry at the Sabbath, de orgies with Satan. It’s not possible to see a vіdma vіpadku, scho vіdmoy chi chaklun became zvichayna people, like tse buvaє vіpadku with extrasensory perception.

The transfer of the Chaklunsky gift takes place immediately before the death of the old witch; Sometimes, like a girl who doesn’t want anything, the grandmother tries to squeeze her hand inadvertently. Just one more way to slyly zmusit take from me the weight I carry. Well, if the hand-waving didn’t work out like that, then all the strength went at once with his old hairdresser, and not without nasledkiv.

Zdebіlhogo vіdom and chaklunіv associate with the dark forces, for which there is, of course, a piece of truth. Apparently, scho to engage in occultism and more contact with the forces of the church and the Christian faith with a vengeance. In the Middle Ages, more than one suspicion of chaklunstvo could lead to a bagatty. At the same time, the church is obviously not so radically put up with people who have been endowed with such comforts, accepted to the quiet, who are engaged in the so-called white magic. Cі fahivtsі or else else bіlі chakluny and vіdmi are not engaged in inducing psuvannya and other similar rights, but mainly practice likuvannya. Today's activities include, like a blissful ailment, taken away by a whole natural path, and so the correction of heritage in the form of black chakluniv.

If one engages in black chaklunstvo zaboryaetsya, then the stars are taken by black magicians, like spivpratsyuyut with the devil? It is important that the people who have laid the pleasing to him, and in exchange for their souls, gain the necessary opportunities. From the other side, it is entirely possible, that taking the soul, the devil instills a demon in the body of a person, and it is also possible to fully explain why chaklunsky zdibnosti are transmitted from the fall. Encouragement in the spirit, which is step by step old body, just go under the hour of the rite of hand-waving into a new and young shell. For their happiness, they cry not only for the day of family life, but for their health. Like psychics get sick in the main mental character and you can match shkidlivy minds pratsi, then black chakluni suffer exclusively from physical illness.

Until the end of life, the stench can mother a bouquet of ailments, which are mainly associated with the musculoskeletal apparatus. I believe that until the end of life, the witches have a growing hump and everything becomes twisted and alive at once. For the same reason, often summer women, as if they suffer from arthritis, wash the withered skin of their fingers and never wear chaklons. The nearer death is, the more painful the attacks become, and the death itself at the sweating world is even more painful and relatives, for the change of torment in the dying, the blame for all the vikna. For an hour in the middle of the Crimea, they opened the doors, and the vicon at the house where the witch lived, they sorted out the shoes, it was important that the result was even better.

Such a terrible payment is the legacy of the contract with Satan, and to the fact that the knowledge was not transferred, then potoybichcha won't be fooled. Fakhіvtsі, yakі vyvchayut anomalous manifestations, signify that after death in budinkas, where chakluni lived, no one should settle, but people should bypass the place. The restless spirit of the kolishny Vlasnik gradually turns into hope, so that after all, to move into someone, he should be blessed zvichaynіy people mess around unsafely.

Why, for the pre-Christian hours, they didn’t get into the minds of the generation of evil and none of them left the settlement. Navpaki, such a woman chi cholovik vykonuvali sorcerers and midwives, stinks for the performance of various rites, to appease the gods in advance of the battle and call out the woods, as if the dryness was threatening the crops. Today, among small nationalities, such as the Yakuts, Nenets and others, who continue the traditions of their ancestors and are not guided by their pagan faith, like before, the cult of shamans is strong. The vibes to shamanism appear similarly to the vibes of a psychic, but at the same time, with their actions, shamans are more similar to chakluni. This cult of worshiping the sweating spirits may have the same nature, like vidyomsky rites, with the same cost, that the witch should work exclusively for the sake of her cory.

Even though modern science has been trying to catch the fact of the basis of this phenomenon, or explain it with a glance of physical laws, while it’s nasty to go into it. A lot of patients are born hopelessly ill earlier, they can be ill, if the doctors themselves recommended turning to a “knowledgeable” person. Until tsikh fir richly hto volіє lіkuvati zaїkuvatіst, enuresis and similar ailments, with a path of war to psychics or chaklunіv, and obov'yazkovo call them to newborn children, so you don't stop crying, so you can take it. To turn off the facts of charlatanism, everything is the same in any settlement there will be a few people with chaklunsky zdibnosti, who are well known to everyone, but if so, information about them is transmitted exclusively orally, for the recommendation of those who know.

Spiritual and special development, a charge of motivation and a warm mood. Take away your opinion on the question of what to call you, according to the experts