Treasury of a kimberlite pipe. Kimberlite pipe "light"

Now let's marvel at the creation of human hands.

Bits about the presence of expensive stone on the territory of Yakutia and the western lands that lie between it, began to appear on the cob of the 19th century.

After hromada war teacher Petro Starovatov zustrіv at Kempendya's old one, rozpovіv about those who, two years ago, knew the glittering stone rose from the sirnikova head, on one of the city's rivers and sold it to the merchants, who gave groats for the price, two puffs and burners tea bags. . Some other person told you about those who knew expensive stone on the banks of the river Chona and Kempendyak.

The purpose of directing the search for diamonds in the battle of the Siberian platform began first in 1947-1948, the years of bridging the river Nizhnya and Pidkam'yan Tunguska. In the autumn of 1948, a group of geologists on the island of G. Fanshtein discovered the search for robots on the rivers of Chona and Vilyuy, and on 7 April 1949, fate knew the first diamond on the sandy spit, named Sokolinoya, and further on, more than 20 crystals were found here. As a result of survey work in 1950-1953, a few diamond-bearing deposits were discovered near Yakutia.

For the first time in 1953, the geological party No. 132 of the Amakinsky expedition found the first diamond on the Mala Botuobiya river. On the 21st of the coming year of 1954, the geologist Larisa Popugaeva with the worker Fyodor Bylikov opened the first kimberlite pipe in the SRSR and named it "Zirnitsa".

On the 3rd of Cherry, 1955, a geological party with geologists Katerina Ylagina, Yuri Khabardin, Viktor Avdeenko and a small group of workers blew a diamond-bearing pipe, as it turned out to be the largest of the richest diamonds. They called it “Svit” and sent a telegram to the authorities: “They lit the cradle of the world, tyutyun miracles ...”.

Clickable 1920 px

At the same time, in Yakutia, other diamond-bearing pipes were discovered, among them "Vdala", "Route", "Citikanska". 1955 buv far away rock for geologists. 15 root genera of diamonds were discovered, as well as sprats of industrial diamond roses. The search for diamonds continued, and until 1959, 120 were registered in Yakutia kimberlite pipes.

The pipe "Mir" was laid out closer to the main transport artery of Yakutia - the river Oleni, the lower pipes "Vdala", "Citikanska", "Zirnitsa", to which the discovery began immediately after the announcement. In 1959, the twisted robots on the “Mir” carport began to rock. Across the river, the first stationary smelting factory was launched and the country took the first diamond trades from the Mir pipe. At the fierce fate of 1959, along the winter road Ust-Kut - Mukhtuya (Lensk), they began to transport possession of that vantage to Mirny. In the same year, the SRSR sold the first batch of Yakut diamonds for a total of 13,000 carats on the world market.

Clickable 4000 px, panorama

Zbagachuvalna factory No. 3 was launched near the factory on July 21, 1966. Tsya factory works until this day and richly rokiv was the greatest.

A kind of diamond booth near Yakutia is an arch on the right through the permafrost and underground water mineralization. Kar'єr "Mir" is a garna іlustration of such minds.

Diamond pipe "Mir" has the following parameters:

• Glibina - 450 m.
• Zovnishhnіy diameter - 100-1200 m.
• Bottom diameter - 310 - 160 m.
• Zagalny obsyag of vidobutoy ore - 165 million cubic meters. m
• The tide of underground mineral waters - 150 cubic meters. m/year
• Dovzhina spiral-like road from the surface to the bottom of the kar'єru - 7.7 km.
• The design depth using the critical method is 525 m.
• The depth of the ore body has been revealed - up to 1200 m.

Until 2001, the rock "Svit" became deep and unsafe for robots. The type of diamond buttock in the first place was vitiated. Today it is carried out by the mine method. The kar'єr itself has now been turned into a memento for the missus. Above it, an observant maydanchik and a memorial sign were installed. The mine is on conservation for the preparation of underground drilling of deep horizons - it was found out that the depth of the diamond deposit near the "Mir" exceeds a kilometer.

Mirniy is the place of diamond mining. Imovirno, to that wine and attach today the respect of the rich business people of the world. The diamond-bearing pipe “Mir”, which was recognized by geologists in the spring of 1955, gave the name to the robotic settlement, which grew in the middle of the untrodden taiga and became a place three and a half years later.

For five past ten years, the small manor settlement has become a modern industrial place with nine superficially arranged houses and asphalt roads; and the trust "Yakutalmaz", which robbed the first steps in the development of a new one for Russia, did - diamond buttocks - pretended to be on the world market the joint-stock company "ALROSA", which led the production of diamonds not only in the Republic of Sakha, but far beyond the borders of the partner, transnational company "De Beers".

How far away is the day of the 55th, if the telegram, which has already become historical, with the text “Lighted the pipe to the World. Tyutyun vіdminniy” served as the starting point for the development of our place with the most peaceful name in the world. In 1956, the pipe exploitation began to grow. On May 1, 2001, the rock work on the Mir pipe was completed, and the majestic virva in the cold Yakut land became, perhaps, a most striking reminder of the diamond mining area.

For 44 years, 170 million cubic meters of curry masa were harvested from the suvorih Yakutian nadras. Day after day, the whole car'er was gloomy, Rest of the Rocks laborers-BelAZ, transporting diamond-bearing ore for processing, descended by the “Mirny serpentine” to the greater lower pivkilometer deep. The route for one day became 7.5 kilometers.

Today's everyday life is already in the underground mine "Mir", the shards of the ore deposit are discovered - 1 kilometer 200 meters.

Mirny has 39.5 thousand inhabitants, and the population of Mirny district should be over 85.5 thousand. The large area of ​​the Mirny district is 165.8 thousand square kilometers. There are settlements near the warehouse, such as the place Udaliy, the villages of Aikhal, Chernishevsky, Svіtliy, Almazniy, the villages of Arilakh, Tas-Yuryakh, Syuldyukar.

The three remaining Meshkants are most importantly engaged in a strong state; Tas-Yuryakh, moreover, will have a refinery. Chernishevsky is a settlement of power engineers, here are the stations of Vilyuisk HPP-1 and HPP-2. At the village of hydrobudivniki in Svіtlom, the third part of the HPP in Vilyu was put into operation. At Far Aikhal, on the diamond mines, two great garnish-baggage plants were milled.

During the navigation period, part of the benefits for residents of the pivnoch are delivered by water to Lensk, which is located 240 kilometers from Mirny, then transported by cars. Ale, the main mode of transport is flying. Without aviation, there is nowhere to go to Pivnochi, there is no way to serve for the transportation of both passengers, and even more vantazhiv. Zlitno-posadkova smuga Mirnіnskogo airport allows you to accept such transport giants, such as Іl-76 and "Ruslan".

What is it like today at Mirny? Two diamond processing factories, an airport, a top-of-the-line hotel, 10 restaurants, bars and cafes, 2 museums and 2 swimming pools, a Moscow park and a stadium, 3 libraries. A school of art, children learn music and figurative art, and a small picture gallery. Today's Palace of Culture, where the impersonal peaceful collectives are engaged, they are well known beyond the borders of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Intellectual potential of Mirny zavzhdi buv to reach high for a provincial town. Without a doubt, it’s worth mentioning that, in the first years of the development of this region, extraordinary people came here. That main type of activity in singing “slats”, even diamond mining in Russia in the past did not exist like that, but the new one on the right will always require an advanced vision. Residents of Novosibirsk and Riga, Muscovites and Leningraders, Muscovites from central cities, who may be great, came to live and work science centers. Tse was marked as a shvidky master of winemaking, and on the cultural life of the place.

Many years of research at Mirny scientific and recent institute "Yakutnіproalmaz".

At the birch of 1994 rock in Mirny Bulo, the name of Yakutsky was announced state university named after M.K. Ammosov. In Cherry 1999, by decree of the President of the Republic of Mirny, the branch was reorganized into the Polytechnic Institute.

Mayzha Chotiri for half a decade has the history of the district newspaper “Mirninsky Robotnik”. The newspaper is not the only source of mass information: it is also the television and radio company "Diamondland". And the artists, the literary association "Kimberlit" and the club "Exlibris" sing at their own place.

Peaceful live your life. Experiencing those difficulties, that the whole country, for the sake of success and struggling with difficulties. And, of course, the richness of the place is smut - it’s not diamonds, but people. Because the people at Pivnoch are simply miracles - they are comfortable, they can come to the rescue at any hour and offer their shoulder to the twisted quill. І rozpovidat about tse, without perebіlshennya, special people can do it for a long time.

Kar'єr "Mir" is also known, that from її gorges the strongest water flows with manifestations of salt, oil and gas, which, without any harm, are unsafe for conducting girnicho-dobychnyh robots. The axis of which the system of vidobuking ore from deboned was brought out, representatives of the Moscow State Girnichiy University advocated for the yak. Maybe, they did not give peace of mind to the history of the "strong zlotu" of the famous car "Premier" (Pivdenna Africa), which was a transition to an underground type of boot from the deboned areas. The absurd setting of diamond mines on the African continent and Pivnіchno-Skhodі Russia recognized a miserable fiasco; Fahіvtsі and vchenі іnstitutіv "Yakutnіproalmaz" and "Gіpronikel" defended their unassailable position, the method of expansion with a new laying of the vibrated space.

Insanely, one of the most important directives is the "Dry Conservation" project for the "Svit" quarry, fragmentation by the "Yakutnіproalmaz" institute, and calls to ensure the safety of underground water supplies from strong water breakthroughs. Spilni zusillya Mirny SPC and UKB AK "ALROSA" shriveled the most obvious virishhenny "illness" - water-bearing problems.

Simultaneously with these robots, the Mirny mine-budget department (Chief Kostyantyn Plokhan) planned the passage of a water tunnel. The miners showed great masculinity in the minds of the ill-tempered attacks of water, the inconsistency of the breed. At the onset of fate, the Almaz-Antarex enterprise drilled several water-filled boreholes on board the Mir mine. Behind the scheme of work near the Sverdloviny, the exhaust pumps were lowered, as if they were calling for water pumping, that it was not necessary to carry out underground work. A pump of the German company "Ritz" was installed, which pumps water from the bottom of the "MIR" quarry. And in 2004, the rotation of the MGZK already supplemented the commitments, which were lost, for the Dry Conservation project.

Sticking with those new methods, you want to stick with those penetrations in a special way. According to the classical scheme, special methods of sinking trunks (freezing or plugging with small sums) stop at large water inflows, unstable or fractured rocks. Всі спеціальні способи можуть бути розділені на групи: огородження забою ствола від нестійких порід і води спеціальним кріпленням і прохідка під стислим повітрям, тимчасова або постійна ізоляція води (штучне заморожування порід, тампонування шляхом нагнітання через спеціальні свердловини під тиском цементного або глиноцемент грунтів, штучне зниження level of groundwater and drilling of stovburiv). At to this particular type Near the Stovbur, columns were drilled, which would be frozen, with a depth of up to 540 m and s їx, a crevasse, a wall, called to protect the Stovbur from hits of water, oil, were created to help. In Denmark, a rocky stovbur can be more than 1 km deep, the very same deep can be a skip stovbur.

For all intents and purposes, one can’t get out of the head of the problematic nutrition of the safety of the mine. That is why at the daily mine "Mir" great respect was attached to the robotic freezing station (Owned by the Danish company "York"), which worked for the design mode. Without that possession, that freezing of the soils was impossible to ensure the safety of the underground. In this rank, from the beginning of the life of the underground digging, these fates have passed, caused by a mass of virobnic problems, rush jobs, and loud operational headquarters. A lot of effort was spent on driving cage and skip shafts with fixed tubings, reinforcement, installation of lifting machines for both shafts, introduction into the transport gallery and the head fan installation. Relatively and systematically, objects were built on the surface of the MIR digging complex, in order to deposit life near the mine. Kіlka roki in that planned rozpochalis robots from the life of the first horizons.

star photo

In 2008, the underground digging plant put into operation a complex of a skip shaft, a lift machine for a skip shaft, two skips of 7 cubes each, as well as a cage for the transportation of people and the descent of the vents. On the stern day of 2008, the start-up and maintenance work on the head fan unit was completed, as a result most important function- Ensure the airing of the underground garnished pans. Naprikintsі chest 2008 to the fate of the village of guild-capital robots No. 8 on choli z O. Velichk and brigade leader O. Ozol diamond tube. The author of these rows under the earth 650 meters, 150 meters from the bottom of the famous quarry "SVIT" on the horizon -310 zmіg dotorknutis zapovitnogo ore body. In 2009, the workers of mine workers achieved a serious task - smashing between -210m and -310m horizons, which made it possible to deliver vantages to all ball gates of the first operational block of the subway. In another way, tse ensure proper ventilation of the mine. Before the speech, it should be said that the first operational block was prepared at the same time to the type of shoes, or on the miner's term of the clearing house. At the end of the year 2009, an important operation was completed - putting on a mine shaft for the placement of an underground installation, the function of which is the descent of robots on the underground horizon, the delivery of materials, equipment, and also a breeder of mountain rock. And in the spring of 2009, start-up work began to rock. Mine "Mir" was put into operation in 2009.

September 21, 2009 will be remembered as a significant date in the new history of diamond mining: Mirniy pompously marked the launch of the first underground mine “SVIT”. This is the crown of bagatorical practice, which signifi- cantly marks the position of AK ALROSA in all aspects. The underground mine "SVIT" has become the hard worker of AK "ALROSA", building to see 1 million tons of ore uphill to avenge the diamond. On the right for the completion of the life of the mortgage to the complex. Vіd prosuvannya prava yogo budіvnitstvі and equippіnі vladnannі richly stale.

—> Signs from satellite (Google Maps) <—

dzherela
http://sakhachudo.narod.ru
http://gorodmirny.ru

In Yakutia, near the place Mirny, there is the largest diamond quarry in the world - the kimberlite pipe "Mir" (the place Mirny appeared just after the pipe was opened and was named after the її honor). The car'er has a depth of 525 meters and a diameter of 1.2 kilometers.
The kimberlite pipe is installed at the hour of the eruption of the volcano, if the earth's crust of the gas from above the earth is vibrated. The shape of such a tube suggests virva or kelikh. Volcanic vibes are brought from the Earth's overhead kimberlite - a rock that can sometimes avenge diamonds. The breed is named so in honor of the Kimberley town in Pivdenniy Africa, de in 1871, when a diamond was found with a weight of 85 carats (16.7 grams), which called the Diamond Likhomanka.
On Cherny 13, 1955, geologists, as if they were rummaging a kimberlite pipe in Yakutia, pumped a high modrin, the root of which was exposing the zsuv. The fox dug a deep hole under him. Behind the characteristic bluish color of the scattered fox of the earth, geologists realized what a kimberlite is. A coded radiogram was sent to Moscow immediately: "They lit a pipe to the world, Tyutyun Vidminny." Nevdovzi for 2800 km. roadless to the point where the kimberlite pipe was opened, motorcades stretched. Near the birthplace of diamonds, the robo-settlement Mirne grew, at once a place with a population of 36,000 people.

The birth of the genus took place in extremely difficult climatic minds. To break through the permafrost, I had to use dynamite. In the 1960s, 2 kg vibrated here. diamonds on the river, from which 20% were of jewelry quality, and after cutting, that transformation on diamonds could enter the jewelry salon. Another 80% of diamonds were victorious for industrial purposes. With the booming rose of "Svitu" the African company "De Beers" was turbulent, as it was embarrassed to buy up Radian diamonds in order to control prices on the world market. The craft of "De Beers" made its way to Mirny with its delegation. Kerіvnitstvo of the SRSR was in time with the mind, that the radyansk fakhіvtsі saw diamond kar'єri near Pivdenny Africa. The delegation of "De Beers" arrived in 1976 on its way to Moscow, so that later we would fly to Mirny, the protépian-African guests were overwhelmed by numerous banquets and banquets in Moscow, since the delegation arrived far from Mirny, when they looked at the car, they were left with everything. However, the pivdenno-African fakhivtsy were all the same hostile, for example, because the Russians did not vicorize water during the processing of ore. I wanted to understand: for even 7 months on the river near Mirny, the temperature will be minus zero, and it’s simply impossible to take the water.
In the period from 1957 to 2001, diamonds worth 17 billion dollars were mined at the Mir car. Over the course of the year, the kar'єr expanded so much that the travelers had to travel 8 km along a spiral road. from the bottom to the surface. The Russian company ALROSA, which was the founder of the "Mir" car, in 2001, pinned a vidobutton of ore in a critical way, because this way, becoming unsafe and ineffective. It was concluded that diamonds lie at a depth of over 1 km, and at such a depth for mining it is not a quarry, but an underground digging, as a plan to use one million tons of ore on the river already in 2012. The successful development of the genus is planned for another 34 years.
Helicopters are categorically fenced off flying over the car, because the majestic virva zasmoktuє in his own lethal apparatus. The high walls of the kar'єru melt at one's own without safety, like for helicopters: there is a threat to the air, and once the kar'єr can lie down, the soil is forgotten, the territory. Time to think about the project of an eco-city in a majestic pit, which is empty. The curator of the Moscow architectural bureau Mykola Lutomsky spoke about his plans: "The head of the project is a majestic concrete structure, as it will become a kind of" cork "for the colossal car'er and expansion of the middle. Klimat in Yakut Suvoria, ale there is a bagato of clarity dnievs in a vibrochita close 200 MW Elektroenergi, Yaka MAH TRASTICAL IS SLEARY IS COMMUNITURE MISTA. Lower 150 meters (Tobto Nizhnya Merzloti) Temperature ґruntu plusov, the project of the Yenergogee Project. permanent re-buying of people who can serve the function of life, that serviceman for the placement baked the minister ivnikh and sociocultural budіvel and spores. The total area of ​​the site will be 3 million square meters, and up to 10,000 people can live here - tourists, service personnel and farm workers”.

Tse thinned, zvnі tenditne, neimovіrno more beautiful stone zі zdatnіstyu vіdbіvatі vіdbіvatі vіdbіvatі vіdbіvatі vіdbіvatі vіdbіvatі vіdnіvaі, rozkayuchi vіdіvnі іkrіvnі іskіlі sіtla, vіkinula kolіvnі іѕkіnі іskіla sіtla, vіkinula kolіvnі і volcanіchnі vents іn thе surface оf thе planet Earth. In our time, the volcanoes have long died out, the above-ground part of the erosive processes has appeared without a trace, and the axis of the mountain rocks, stone and other speech, which were caught in the vent, did not appear anywhere.

Those, in the cichs of the pole, the great Almaziv, the deprivation of the lichen in the middle of the minute table, if the African Continent Bulo was known to the Great Diamond, the nickname of the Kimberlian pipe (zgoda vijes, in the subpoencies of the deprivation of the deprivation of the deprivation of the deprivation of the deprivation of the gorgeous. ).

People could not have left the same place without respect - and all over the world, active whispers of such relatives began. The real countries, such as Botswana, Russia, Canada, the RAR, Angola, were spared, and the stench, having revealed the shukan breed, practically began to develop promising knowledge, scaling a deep hole and creating a magnificent funnel.

Years later, the cicava was commemorated by the peculiarity of such diroks: flying helicopters and other flying machines over man-made craters is not safe in the region;

osvita

As soon as the process of fixing a kimberlite pipe and diamonds is in it, then you look at the wines to finish the cicavo. A decade of billions of years in the depths of the earth became a hole in the magmatic gaps and gases (moreover, tsikavo, who drank wine not in a thin place of the earth's measles, the tovshchina became close to 10 km, and the vibe broke through the hard platform of the zavtovshki 40 km).

As a result of this, a canal of a finite shape appeared, more similar to a champagne kelih: the deeper you go to the ground, then it becomes and on the singing deep to pass by the vein.

The opening of the crater of the channel will sound from five hundred meters to the second kilometer. After the eruptions in the mouth of the crater, breccias (volcanic ulamki) caught that tuff of a gray-green color, so called kimberlite - a mountain rock that is composed of phlogopite, garnet, olive, carbonates and other minerals.

If the minerals come to the earth's surface in a different way, then their form will always be well-cut crystals. Ale axis at the warehouse of kimberlite does not have such faces, and the grains are round in shape. If it’s diamonds, then the stench appears on the surface already in the finished look with sharp edges, which you can cut without cutting.

Irrespective of those that the kimberlite pipe is filled with gems by 10%, the production of diamonds from the breed can be done by a laborious process, the shards from one ton of kimberlite produce only about 1 carat of gems, which becomes 0.2 g.

The first kimberlite pipe, which took the name "Great Dirka", was found in the middle of the 19th century. near the PAR, near the province of Kimberley (the stars were named like a breed that avenges diamonds, so the vent itself). This birthplace is also the largest career, created by people without zastosuvannya, be it any technology.

To create a dirka on the earth's crust on such a scale, it took over 50 thousand. gіrnikіv, yakі rozroblyali kar'єr for the help of shovels and pickaxes. As a result, over fifty years from above the earth, over 22 million tons of soil were excavated and over 2.7 thousand tons were found. kg of diamonds (about 14.5 million carats).

Regardless of those who at the same time the birthplace of the "Velika dira" has completely exhausted itself, the diamond car'er is still covered with a memorial, the shards of the axis have already more than a hundred years been fading the glory of the greatest man-made dira of our world: the area around the perimeter is getting close, 1, 6 km, and the width is 463 m.

If the depth is deep, then the bottom is not too great, but earlier it went down 240 m. At once dirka may have a depth of 40 m.

Carrier "Svit"

In the middle of the last century, on the territory of Yakutia in Russia, geologists knew a bunch of kimberlite pipes - the first bula "Zirnitsya", revealed in 1954. The self-flowers in her were not rich, but the knowledge of her vents spurred the geologists to continue the exploration work.

And as it appeared, not in vain: even before the advancing fate in these parts, one of the largest diamond genera of our planet under the name “Mir” was revealed (on the map you can know it nearby the Mirniy town at the following coordinates: 62 ° 31'42 ″ N. w. 113 ° 59'39 "E). It is noteworthy that the largest gem of Russia was found here under the name "XXVI z'izd KPRS" with a weight of 342.5 carats (all three are more than 68 gr.).

Rozrobtsі tsієї kimberlitovї pipe "Mir" the government of the country attached great respect, turned on a great number of people - and after a day in the middle of a wild and uninhabited land, the settlement was sacked, and then the place of Mirna, roztashovani Yakutashovane more than a thousand dollars for a thousand dollars The settlers were immediately dispersed so that the kimberlite pipe leaned right up to Mirny.

Works from the development of the "Mir" genera in the minds of permafrost (the temperature here often rises to -60 ° C) were superbly important - it was even more important to work with the earth, and the soil had to be dynamite. Already for a few years, the car'er gave about 2 kg of diamonds per diamond, їх 20% less jewelry value, otherwise it was for industrial purposes.

At the moment, it’s important that in the “Mir” carousel they find the largest number of diamonds in Russia and a quarter of all diamonds in our planet - kimberlite pipes "Vdaloyu"): the diameter of the yog is 1.2 km, and the depth is 525 m.

Kіlka rokіv vydobotok diamond at the kar'єri after that, like clay dirka reached critical rozmіrіv, bula pinned, all the robots moved to the underground mine "Mir". The work under the earth is hard in itself, and in this situation it becomes more difficult, that the underground waters constantly fuel the mine, because of which it is possible to constantly and continuously vikachuvat and direct from natural roes, as if they were found in the earth's bark.

The robots in the kimberlite pipe "Mir" are not picking up the sounds in the next hour, the shards of the geologists have revealed that a great number of diamonds are deposited on the mud, which exceeds one kilometer, and the "Mir" ancestral home can be expanded even more than thirty years.

Carrier "Vdala"

The largest kimberlite pipe in Russia is also located on the territory of Yakutia, 20 km from the polar polar stake (on the map, її can be known for the following coordinates: 66°25′ Mon. lat. 112°19′ St.). ї parameters to set:

• Width - 2 yew. m;
• Dovzhina - 1.6 thousand. m;
• Glibina - 530 m-code.

This dirka is really made up of two pipes, which adjoin one to one - Zakhidnoy and Skhidnoy. For their characteristics of self-flowering from different vents, one type of one is strongly permeated.

Irrespective of those whose diamond quarry was discovered in the mid-1950s, they began to actively explore it for the cob of the 1950s. At the present time, the self-flowering is found in a critical way, but the shards of the clay of the genus have become critical for this type of growth, recently a pratsyuvati underground digging has begun here.

Fakhіvtsі stverdzhuyut, that most of the diamonds from the pipe Kimberlіtu "Vdala" from above the earth have already been studied, with whom the knowledge is hostile. For example, recently a stone was found here, near 30 thousand yews were found near it. diamonds, which have a million times exceeded the highest concentration.

Lut 10, 2009

Kimberlite pipe ”Mir” – quarry, mined near Mirniy, Yakutia. The car'er has a depth of 525 m and a diameter of 1.2 km, and is one of the largest car'er's in the world. Species of diamond-bearing kimberlite ore was pinned at the black rock in 2001. At this time, on board the car'er, the life of an underground mine with the same name is carried out, for the production of underground reserves, which are no longer available, the use of which in any other way is unprofitable.

The Kimberlite pipe was discovered on Cherry 13, 1955 by the geologists of the Amakinsky Expedition Yu. I. Khabardinim, Y. N. Elagina and V.P. Avdeenkom. The radiogram is famous, handed over by them to the expedition’s engraving about the manifestation of kimberlite, coded:
They lit a pipe of the world spt tyutyun miracles point Avdєenko spt Elagina spt Khabardin pt

In 1957, a diamond booth appeared in the same way, which worked until the wormwood. The largest diamond found in Russia was found at the Mir mine on December 23, 1980. Wine is 342.5 carats (over 68 g) and is called "XXVI star of the CPRS". With the rest of the rocks, the caravans “twisted” a spiral road 8 km from the bottom to the surface.
In the course of its work, the kar'єr was reconstructed 3 times, a unique grouting curtain was created, as it protected the supply of aggressive rose salts from the Metegero-Ichersky aquifer complex, as well as a water supply system of 32,250 m3 of water for production (about 1 million m3 per month). Geological exploration has shown that the depth of the diamond deposit exceeds a kilometer, and in this hour, the ALROSA company, which is expanding the family, will be an underground pit on the family. For the life of the underground digging and the future careless watering of the upper underground horizons, the bottom of the conserved pit was filled with a special earthen ball of rock. Tsya "pillow", or "cilik", does not fall under a loose vice, її tovshchina - 45 meters.
For rozrobki vіdkritim (kar'єrnim) way іz genus іdobіbіv іdоbіvіv, for unofficial tribute, 17 bln. United States, about 350 million cubic meters have been produced. m. breed.
For the voice of the pipe "Mir" Yu.I. Khabardin of honors of the Lenin Prize, Y. N. Ylagina was awarded an honorary diploma and a diploma "Pershovidkrivach of the clan", and also became an honorable citizen of the Mirny metro station.

It was entrusted from the Mirny municipality, near the Yakut region of permafrost, on the left bank of the middle flow of the Irel river, the largest diamond quarry in the world, which can be called the Mir kimberlite pipe, was mined.

Today Yakutia may have the following striking parameters:

1. Yogo clay is stored 525 meters.
2. The total amount of ore, drawn from a car'er, is 165 million cubic meters.
3. Bottom diameter - 160-310 meters.
4. The diameter of the outer ring is 1.2 kilometers.
5. Glibina, yak bula explored - up to 1200 meters.

At first glance, one of the largest caravans in the world, where there is a kind of diamond bottle, it strikes with its scope and strikes with its eyes. The adoption of a kimberlite pipe is a legacy of a volcano erupting, if the gases under the great temperature and high pressure through the earth's crust vibrate the names of the above ground. Volcanic vibes bring rock to the surface of the Earth to avenge diamonds - kimberlite.

The pipe has the shape of a kelikha and is similar to a virva on a grand scale. The breed bears the same name with the city of Kimberley, which is located in Pivdenniy Africa, de in 1871, a diamond was discovered, which was 85 carats. Knowledge 16, 7 gram "fireplace" gave rise to Diamond Lihomanka.

History of the kimberlite pipe "Svit"

Already on the cob of the 19th century, there began to emerge a bit about the presence of an expensive stone on the territory of Yakutia and the western lands that lie between it. Teacher Petro Starovatov, after the hromadyanskoy war, spoke in Kempendya zі oldi, rozpovіv yoma about his znakhіdka kіlka rokіv that in one of the city's rivers - tse buv gleaming little stone with a hairpin head. Having sold a merchant for two bottles of vodka, a bag of cereals and five bags of tea. An hour later, another person discovered that on the banks of the river Kempendyak, that Chona also knew expensive stones. A little less in 1947-1948, the goals of directing diamond searches began in the Siberian platform. In the autumn of 1948, a group of geologists, enchanted by G. Fanshtein, launched surveying robots on the rivers of Vilui and Chona, and on April 7, 1949, a group of geologists discovered the first diamond on the sokolinoy spit, and a diamond rose was discovered here. Poshukov's works of 1950-1953 were also crowned with success - a sprat of diamond roses was discovered, and on the 21st of September 1954 a kimberlite pipe was opened in the Radyansk Union, which took the name "Zirnitsya".

Nezabar, on 13 March 1955, the geological party blew the temple with bare roots, the fox blew a deep hole. The blue color of the earth showed what the kimberlite is. This is how a team of geologists opened a diamond pipe, which appeared to be the largest in the world with the richest diamond. The following telegram was sent to the authorities: “They lit a pipe to the world, tutyun vdminniy.” Through this classified radiogram, Radiansk geologists added to the capital about the discovery of the Mir kimberlite diamond pipe. The phrase tyutyun miraculous spoke of those who have a great number of diamonds to avenge.

This connoisseur was extremely important for the SRSR; It was important that the stosuvannya diamond tools vdvichі podvischuu economic potential of the country, and indefinitely the village of "Mirne", where the roadless people, reaching 2800 km of the road, demolished the motor colonies. At the beginning of 1960 in the Soviet Socialist Republic, there was already an active production of diamonds worth 1 billion dollars per river, and the settlement "Mirne" became the center of the Radian diamond mining industry, and 40,000 people live here today.

The best diamond family in the world

The ancestry was broken up by very important climatic minds, and in order to break through into the depths of permafrost, the earth had to be lifted with additional dynamite. Already in 1960, a rozіchny vidobotok of diamonds was stored in 2 kilos, and 1/5 part of the boule of jewelry quality.

Diamonds, after the second faceting, were transformed into marvelous for the beauty of diamonds, as if they were victorious for the creation of jewelry embellishments. The citizens of Radyansk, who planned to make friends, could afford to buy Vishukian hoops with diamonds, in which diamonds were found in the Yakut kimberlite pipe “Mir”. More than 80% of vidobutih diamonds were known to be found in industrial purposes, stones on the scale of reference minerals of Mohs hardness are the most important mineral in the world, which can find thermal conductivity, dispersion and fracture.

Active development of the kimberlite pipe "Mir" is the most worried about the African company "De Beers", which is afraid to buy up diamonds from the Radyansk brewery with a method of controlling prices on the light market. The first individuals of the company, after negotiations from Radyansk ceramics, came about the arrival of the delegation from their side to the village of Mirne. Bulo was given a positive opinion, but with one mind - a delegation from the Soviet Socialist Republic, at its side, seeing diamond pits in Pivdenniy Africa.

In 1776, the delegation of the Pivdenno-African company arrived to Moscow with a distant flight in the village of Mirna, but they navmisno navmisali, the power of endless banquets and banquets. If the delegation did come to Yakutia to inspect the Mir kimberlite pipe, they had only 20 minutes left for their inspection. Irrespective of the price, the De Beers facsimiles lost their strength under strong damage to the vineyard, and were encouraged by the fact that during the processing of the rudyansk fakhivtsy they did not win the water. Vrahovyuchi, that at this region for 7 months there is a minus temperature, then it is simply impossible.

The current place of Mirna from a small namitovy settlement has changed into a modern industrial place, de є asphalt roads, the infrastructure and nine high-rise boudinkas have been laid out. There is an airport, two diamond factories, a Moscow park, bars, restaurants, an art gallery, swimming pools, a stadium, 3 libraries, a school of magic, a modern Palace of Culture and a hotel on 4 surfaces. For a provincial town there is a high intellectual potential. There is already a lot of practice in the scientific and recent institute "Yakutnіproalmaz" and the guidance for applicants for the Polytechnic Institute.

For 44 years of work on the mine "Mir" (in the period from 1957 to 2001), diamonds were found here, the number of which was 17 billion dollars. The scale of the kar'єru increased to such latitudes that the vintage cars had to cover 8 km of the path along a spiral road, so that from the bottom of the kar'єru they would rise to the surface.

Today, the Russian company ALROSA, a diamond quarry in Volodya, in 2001, attached a type of ore from the quarry "Mir" to the technology of the open-cut method. The main reason is the low efficiency and insecurity.

Recent studies have shown that diamonds lie at a depth of over 1000 meters, and in order to create an effective look, you need not a quarry, but an underground dig. The design intensity of such a mine is, according to the plan, close to a million tons of ore. A wild term, plans for the development of a genera, to become 34 years old.

Facts about the kimberlite pipe

1. Above the deep car, helicopters are categorically occupied by helicopters. The reason for the offensive is the majestic whirlwind, which calls out the turbulence of the wounded masses, in such a lethal apparatus they cannot safely maneuver.
2. The walls of the kar'єru are notoriously high, and not only for helicopters have come into contact with them. Here the threat of sound is raised.

For some reason, the inhabitants of the city are afraid that one day the majestic kar'єr may die down to the new territory, including those that are forgotten for the living of people, but only the legends of the village of Mirne.

Ecological place of the future on the place of the big diamond quarry

Today, a majestic pit, which is empty, is of interest to all minds, and already blames the ideas of how it was created in this city. The builder of the architectural bureau of Moscow, Mykola Lutomsky, shared his plans for a unique solution. “The main part of the project is a concrete structure of great scale, as it plays the role of a kind of cork that opens the pit in the middle. A clearing for the light, the dome is a curved pit for the beast, and it is planned to install sleepy batteries on the new one.

Irrespective of the harsh climate of Yakutia, clear days on the rivers are rich, and batteries can vibrate close to 200 MW of electricity. Її stick out "with the head" for the provision of the needs of the future place. Krіm tsgogo, it is possible to win the warmth of the Earth, and if the temperature is to become minus 60 degrees Celsius again, then the temperature of the soil at a depth below 150 meters will be positive (lower in the permafrost). This fact adds to the energy efficiency of the future project. The place is planned to be divided into three parts:

1. Upper it will be vikoristano for the permanent living of people. New people will have roztashovanі zhitlovі budinki, budіvlі that spores of socio-cultural and administrative significance;
2. Middle tier- zone, where to spread out the forest and the park zone, poklikana povіtrya povіtrya near the city;
3. Lower tier This is the name of the vertical farm - here there is a strong supply of products for the provision of the needs of the place.

The planned warehouse area for the project is 3 million square meters. The city can accommodate up to 10,000 individual tourists, farm workers and service personnel.

On 21 September 2009, a new significant date in the history of diamond production was launched at Mirny, the Mirny underground mine. This is the apogee of the rich work of thousands of people, the hard work of AK ALROSA, which allows the production of close to 1 million tons of ore to avenge diamonds. The Remaining Rocks of Russia are inspired by the palm tree from the diamond vidobutka of the ALROSA company. Diamonds worth 1.7 billion dollars were exported over the river, and most of them fell on European lands.